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“yield decrease”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

With T9, marigold flowering occurred earlier, at 27.20 days.

Taxon: Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)Tagetes erectat0
Treatment: T9 (T1 + 0.25% Chelated Fe + Nano Zn)e2
Outcome: days taken for floweringe1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1
Value: 27.20e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 70–98

e1
“days taken for flowering (27.20)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1101–1133

e2
“with T9 (T1 + 0.25% Chelated Fe + Nano Zn)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1335–1377

Title

Effect of Foliar Application of Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)

A Anburani; D Ajith; B. Pavan Kumar Naik Journal of Krishi Vigyan 2025. doi:10.5958/2349-4433.2025.00051.9

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect With T9, marigold plant height was 72.24 cm after micronutrient application.
Intervention effect With T9, marigold had 16.09 primary branches per plant after micronutrient application.
Intervention effect With T9, marigold had 60.36 secondary branches per plant after micronutrient application.
Intervention effect With T9, marigold had 30.68 nodes after micronutrient application.
Intervention effect With T9, marigold internodal length was 6.87 cm after micronutrient application.
Intervention effect With T9, marigold stem girth was 4.56 cm after micronutrient application.
Intervention effect With T9, marigold plant spread was 63.17 cm2 after micronutrient application.
Intervention effect With T9, marigold flowering duration was 99.48 days after micronutrient application.
Intervention effect With T9, marigold had 56.39 flowers per plant after micronutrient application.
Intervention effect With T9, single marigold flower weight was 14.03 g after micronutrient application.
Intervention effect With T9, marigold flower diameter was 10.05 cm after micronutrient application.
Intervention effect With T9, marigold yield per plant was 593.36 g after micronutrient application.
Intervention effect Foliar application of Fe and Zn improved photosynthetic characteristics in marigold.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

SA at 0.4% significantly inhibited germination and fertility.

Taxon: French beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment: 0.4% SAe0
Outcome: germination and fertilitye0
Direction: inhibitede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Notably, the 0.4% SA treatment significantly inhibited germination and fertility, causing a decrease in chlorophyll (10.02 mg. g-1 FW) and carotenoid (1.57 mg. g-1 FW) levels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1038–1213

t0
“French bean”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 10–21

Title

Improving French bean yield potential through induced mutagenesis using EMS and SA

Rafiul Amin Laskar; Bhaskar Dowarah; Dilip Tamang; et al. Frontiers in Horticulture 2024. doi:10.3389/fhort.2023.1288720

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect EMS treatments reduced biophysiological characteristics in a nonspecific dosage independent manner.
Intervention effect SA treatments reduced biophysiological characteristics in a nonspecific dosage independent manner.
Intervention effect SA at 0.4% decreased chlorophyll levels to 10.02 mg. g-1 FW.
Intervention effect SA at 0.4% decreased carotenoid levels to 1.57 mg. g-1 FW.
Mechanism The pigment reductions suggest disruption of genes involved in chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis.
Intervention effect Mutagenic treatments improved yield and associated traits in the M2 generation.
Intervention effect EMS at 0.2% gave the highest pod yield per plant, 79.50 gm.
Association Pod yield correlated strongly with other agronomic traits, with correlations of 0.217 to 0.995.
Recommendation The authors recommend selecting EMS and SA mutants using associated traits to increase yield.
Observation The 0.2% SA M2 population showed the highest induced variability and was considered ideal for selecting higher yielding lines.
Observation The 0.2% EMS M2 population showed the highest induced variability and was considered ideal for selecting higher yielding lines.
Recommendation The authors considered widespread cultivation of higher yielding mutant lines promising for meeting French bean demand.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Atonik treatment reduced squash sex ratio in both seasons.

Taxon: squasht0
Treatment: Atonik treatmentse0
Outcome: sex ratioe0
Direction: reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Atonik treatments over rise to a significant decrease of male flowers and caused a significant increase in female flowers and reduced sex ratio in both seasons.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 566–726

t0
“SQUASH PLANTS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 105–118

Title

EFFECT OF SEED SOAKING AND / OR FOLIAR SPRAY OF ATONIK ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, SEX EXPRESSION AND YIELD OF SQUASH PLANTS

R. A. EL-Shabrawy Journal of Plant Production 2009. doi:10.21608/jpp.2009.116642

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Atonik seed soaking increased squash leaf number, height, and fresh and dry weight over control.
Intervention effect Atonik foliar spray increased squash leaf number, height, and fresh and dry weight over control.
Intervention effect Atonik treatment decreased male flowers and sex ratio in both seasons.
Intervention effect Atonik treatment increased female flowers in both seasons.
Intervention effect Atonik increased squash fruit number, fruit weight and yield compared with control.
Intervention effect Atonik increased squash yield per plant and per feddan compared with control.
Intervention effect Combined seed soaking and foliar spray at 0.5 ml/L gave the highest values among treatments.
Recommendation The authors recommend combined seed soaking and foliar Atonik spray at 0.5 ml/L to improve squash yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Delaying the sowing date gradually shortened the growth period of mung bean.

Taxon: mung beanVigna radiatae0
Treatment: delaying of sowing datee2
Outcome: growth periode2
Direction: shortene2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The aim was to study the effect of different sowing date on growing characters and yield of mung bean variety Taolv No.5”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 11–131

e2
“With the delaying of sowing date, growth period gradually shorten, and growing characters including plant height, leaf number, 100-seed weight and pods per plant and yield showed a first increase and then decrease trend”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · abstract, characters 335–550

Title

Effect of Different Sowing Date on Growing Character and Yield of Mung Bean Variety Taolv No. 5

Shuying Bao Horticulture & Seed 2011

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Plant height, leaf number and 100-seed weight first increased and then decreased as sowing was delayed.
Intervention effect Pods per plant and yield first increased and then decreased as sowing was delayed.
Recommendation The optimal sowing date of Taolv No.5 in Jilin province is May 26.
Intervention effect Sowing at the optimal date gave the highest yield of mung bean.
Intervention effect Sowing at the optimal date gave the highest planting benefit.
Intervention effect Sowing at the optimal date gave a good growth state.
Intervention effect Sowing at the optimal date gave the optimal spike-grain structure.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Phytochrome B plants had a significantly higher number of bolls than control cotton plants.

Taxon: cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume3
Treatment: Phytochrome B plantse3
Outcome: number of bollse3
Direction: increasee3
Comparator: control cotton plantse3

Verbatim

e3
“Phytochrome B plants have showed significant increase in number of bolls but significant decrease in height as compared to control cotton plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 894–1038

t0
“physiology of cotton plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 57–84

Title

Phytochrome B mRNA expression enhances biomass yield and physiology of cotton plants

Abdul Qayyum Rao; Allah Bakhsh; Idrees Ahmad Nasir; et al. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2011

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Transgenic cotton expressing Phytochrome B mRNA more than doubled relative leaf growth rate and photosynthetic rate.
Intervention effect Transgenic cotton expressing Phytochrome B mRNA increased root weight ratio by more than one time.
Intervention effect Transgenic cotton expressing Phytochrome B mRNA increased stem weight ratio by nearly half.
Intervention effect Phytochrome B plants had a significantly lower height than control cotton plants.
Mechanism Higher relative leaf growth rate is proposed to lead to improved physiology of cotton plants.
Mechanism Higher relative leaf growth rate is proposed to have ultimate effects on cotton fruit size and number.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Flower abortion under higher temperature was proposed to explain reductions in flower and pod counts.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
Outcome: flower abortione0
Qualifier: due to higher temperature coincided with flowering periode0

Verbatim

e0
“this decrease was attributed to flower abortion due to higher temperature coincided with flowering period.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 702–808

t0
“chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 99–128

Title

Correlation studies on effect of temperature regimes on traits associated with yield components in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes

Kiran Bo; VP Chimmad International Journal of Chemical Studies 2019

Other claims from this paper (18)

Association Under D3, seed yield was positively associated with pod number (0.854**).
Association Under D3, seed yield was positively associated with pod weight (0.993**).
Association Under D3, seed yield was positively associated with total flowers (0.404**).
Association Under D3, seed yield was positively associated with total dry matter (0.780**).
Association Under D3, seed yield was positively associated with test weight (0.414**).
Association Under D3, seed yield was positively associated with harvest index (0.617**).
Observation Seed yield associations were stronger in the 48th SMW than other sowing dates.
Observation Total flower production decreased from D1 to D3.
Observation Pod number decreased from D1 to D3.
Association At 48th SMW, harvest index was positively associated with pod number (0.610**).
Association At 48th SMW, harvest index was positively associated with pod weight (0.616**).
Association At 48th SMW, harvest index was positively associated with total flowers (0.462**).
Association Seed yield was significantly negatively associated with flower-to-pod ratio across sowing dates.
Association Flower count was positively associated with flower-to-pod ratio (0.354**).
Association Flower count was positively associated with harvest index (0.462**).
Association Flower count was positively associated with seed yield (0.404**).
Mechanism Authors inferred that flower number depends on dry matter and temperature.
Observation Sowing dates affected dry matter accumulation and flower production.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Removing 50% of leaves reduced new-flush leaf size in both cultivars.

Taxon: oranget0
Treatment: removal of 50% of the leavese0
Outcome: Leaf size of new flushe0
Direction: reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Leaf size of new flush was reduced by removal of 50% of the leaves in both cultivars”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 654–738

t0
“Orange Tree”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 76–87

Title

Partial Defoliation Can Decrease Average Leaf Size but Has Little Effect on Orange Tree Growth, Fruit Yield and Juice Quality

Rongcai Yuan; Fernando Alferez; Igor Kostenyuk; et al. HortScience 2005. doi:10.21273/hortsci.40.7.2011

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Up to 50% leaf removal did not change Hamlin yield, fruit number or fruit size.
Intervention effect Up to 50% leaf removal did not change Hamlin soluble solids yield or juice measures.
Intervention effect Removing 50% of Valencia leaves decreased fruit yield and soluble solids yield.
Intervention effect Removing 50% of Valencia leaves did not affect Brix or Brix-to-acid ratio.
Intervention effect Removing 50% of leaves had little effect on canopy size.
Intervention effect Removing 25% of canopy leaves had no measured effects.
Association Fruit weight increased with leaf area per fruit.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Vegetation indices increased from seedling to inflorescence emergence.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Organ / stage: seedling to inflorescence emergence stagee0
Outcome: VIse0
Direction: increasede0

Verbatim

e0
“The temporal dynamics of the VIs consistently increased from the seedling to inflorescence emergence stage, followed by a decrease during flowering and ripening”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 852–1012

t0
“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 140–162

Title

Integration of agronomic information, vegetation indices (VIs), and meteorological data for phenological monitoring and yield estimation of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Jorge A. Fernandez-Jibaja; Nilton Atalaya-Marin; Yeltsin A. Álvarez-Robledo; et al. Smart Agricultural Technology 2025. doi:10.1016/j.atech.2025.101203

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Puntilla had greater tillering, with 9–28 tillers.
Observation Valor had greater tillering, with 9–28 tillers.
Observation Esperanza had the most stable chlorophyll values during ripening.
Observation Vegetation indices decreased during flowering and ripening.
Observation NDVI differed during ripening, although the reported p value was above 0.05.
Method / resource SVR had the highest yield prediction accuracy for Bellavista at maximum tillering.
Observation Valor had the highest grain yield of 13.70 t/ha.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Arid conditions caused premature ripening and shedding of unfertilized chickpea beans.

Taxon: chickpeaCicer arietinume0
Organ / stage: beanse0
Treatment: Abnormally arid conditionse0
Outcome: premature ripeness and sheddinge0
Comparator: version without fertilizerse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Abnormally arid conditions of the growing season of 2021 subjected chickpea beans in the version without fertilizers to premature ripeness and shedding, which led to a decrease in yield.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 751–937

Title

EXPANSION OF THE SET OF GRAIN CROPS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Razina Sabirova; Radik Safin; Il'shat Vafin Agrobiotechnologies and digital farming 2023. doi:10.12737/2782-490x-2023-25-29

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observation AgroNAN Active had pesticide properties.
Intervention effect AgroNAN Organic increased enzyme action and N/P assimilation.
Intervention effect Metallocene D increased crop stress resistance.
Intervention effect Metallocene D replenished magnesium shortage.
Intervention effect Arid conditions decreased yield in unfertilized chickpeas.
Observation Fertilized chickpea variants had the least bean cracking.
Intervention effect Combined Metallocene D and AgroNAN Active yielded 1.91 t/ha chickpea grain.
Intervention effect The combined treatment raised chickpea production profitability to 464%.
Observation Spring triticale yielded 5.3 t/ha under the same fertilizer background.
Observation Spring triticale production margin was 292.4%.
Intervention effect Fertilized variants exceeded controls by more than 1 t/ha.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Transgenic potato showed reduced apical dominance.

Taxon: potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.)Solanum tuberosume1
Outcome: apical dominancee0
Direction: reducede0

Verbatim

e0
“Transgenic plants exhibited reduced apical dominance, altered leaf morphology, precocious leaf senescence and a decrease in overall tuber yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 798–941

e1
“transgenic potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 418–466

Title

Reduced inositol content and altered morphology in transgenic potato plants inhibited for 1D‐myo‐inositol 3‐phosphate synthase

Ruth Keller; Charles A. Brearley; Richard N. Trethewey; et al. The Plant Journal 1998. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00309.x

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect MIPS suppression reduced potato leaf inositol to about 7% of wild type.
Intervention effect MIPS suppression reduced potato galactinol to about 5% of wild type.
Intervention effect MIPS suppression reduced potato raffinose to about 12% of wild type.
Intervention effect MIPS suppression increased hexose phosphates up to 1.7-fold.
Intervention effect MIPS suppression doubled sucrose concentration.
Intervention effect MIPS suppression raised starch concentration two- to fourfold.
Observation Transgenic potato showed altered leaf morphology.
Observation Transgenic potato showed precocious leaf senescence.
Observation Transgenic potato showed decreased tuber yield.

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“yield decrease”

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