Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

AtHVA22d RNAi Arabidopsis plants produced small siliques.

Taxon: ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
Treatment: AtHVA22d RNA interference (RNAi)e1
Outcome: siliquese1
Direction: decreaseinferrede1
Qualifier: smalle1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“RNA Interference Arabidopsis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–97

e1
“The AtHVA22d RNA interference (RNAi) Arabidopsis plants produced small siliques with reduced seed yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 815–918

Title

Autophagy Is Enhanced and Floral Development Is Impaired in AtHVA22d RNA Interference Arabidopsis

Ching-Nen Nathan Chen; Hau-Ren Chen; Su-Ying Yeh; et al. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009. doi:10.1104/pp.108.131490

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect AtHVA22d RNAi Arabidopsis plants had reduced seed yield.
Association The reduced-yield phenotype cosegregated with the RNAi transgene.
Mechanism Short filaments, defective carpels and dysfunctional pollen grains are causes of the reduced seed yield.
Observation Autophagy was enhanced in filament cells of AtHVA22d RNAi plants.
Intervention effect RNAi plants had dramatically increased numbers of autophagosomes in root tips.
Intervention effect In the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yop1 deletion mutant, autophagy activity increased during nitrogen starvation, with about 80% of cells showing autophagy.
Mechanism HVA22 homologs function as suppressors of autophagy in plants and yeast.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity delayed flowering onset in all genotypes.

Taxon: peppert0
Treatment: salinitye1
Outcome: onset of floweringe0
Direction: delayede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“it also delayed the onset of flowering in all genotypes.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 756–812

e1
“salinity caused a significant decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 593–631

t0
“pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 75–109

Title

Effect of salt stress on morphological and yield attributing parameters of pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes

JASPREET KAUR; KULBIR SINGH; SALESH KUMAR JINDAL The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2026. doi:10.56093/ijas.v96i4.169281

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased plant height, internode length, and branch number.
Intervention effect Salinity significantly decreased root weight, fruit characteristics, fruit number, and yield.
Observation PAU-212 performed better than other genotypes under salt stress.
Observation YL-581 performed better than other genotypes under salt stress.
Observation SL-474 performed better than other genotypes under salt stress.
Observation PAU-212 had maximum yield at the highest salinity level, 519.8 g/plant.
Observation YL-581 followed PAU-212 in yield at the highest salinity level with 511.7 g/plant.
Intervention effect GC-222 had the smallest yield decrease versus control at higher salinity, 16.9%.
Intervention effect YL-581 had an 18.4% yield reduction at higher salinity versus control.
Intervention effect SL-474 had a 22.8% yield reduction at higher salinity versus control.
Recommendation The authors consider PAU-212, YL-581, and SL-474 suitable for salt tolerance studies and cultivation in salt affected regions.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High night temperature reduced pollen viability by 11%.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: HNTe1
Outcome: pollen viabilitye0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Value: 11%e0
Comparator: ANTe2

Verbatim

e0
“pollen viability (11%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 683–705

e1
“The HNT decreased rice yield (11%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 600–634

e2
“ambient night temperature (ANT; 25°C)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 456–493

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 48–52

Title

High Night Temperature and Abscisic Acid Affect Rice Productivity through Altered Photosynthesis, Respiration and Spikelet Fertility

R. Mohammed; J. T. Cothren; L. Tarpley Crop Science 2013. doi:10.2135/cropsci2013.01.0060

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect High night temperature reduced rice yield by 11%.
Intervention effect High night temperature reduced photosynthetic rate by 5%.
Intervention effect High night temperature reduced spikelet fertility by 5%.
Intervention effect High night temperature increased respiration rate by 44%.
Intervention effect High night temperature reduced grain width by 4%.
Intervention effect High night temperature increased grain chalkiness by 65%.
Intervention effect ABA under high night temperature increased yield by 15%.
Intervention effect ABA under high night temperature increased photosynthesis by 6%.
Intervention effect ABA under high night temperature increased spikelet fertility by 6%.
Intervention effect ABA under high night temperature decreased respiration by 33%.
Intervention effect ABA under high night temperature increased stomatal conductance by 22%.
Intervention effect ABA under high night temperature decreased nonphotochemical quenching by 29%.
Intervention effect ABA under ambient night temperature increased yield by 9%.
Intervention effect ABA under ambient night temperature increased photosynthesis by 7%.
Intervention effect ABA under ambient night temperature increased spikelet fertility by 7%.
Intervention effect ABA under ambient night temperature decreased respiration by 16%.
Intervention effect ABA under ambient night temperature increased quantum yield by 8%.
Intervention effect ABA under ambient night temperature increased electron transport rate by 8%.
Recommendation The authors conclude that ABA could improve rice yield under high night temperature.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High night temperature reduced spikelet fertility by 5%.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: HNTe1
Outcome: spikelet fertilitye0
Direction: decreaseinferrede0
Value: 5%e0
Comparator: ANTe2

Verbatim

e0
“spikelet fertility (5%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 711–734

e1
“The HNT decreased rice yield (11%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 600–634

e2
“ambient night temperature (ANT; 25°C)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 456–493

t0
“Rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 48–52

Title

High Night Temperature and Abscisic Acid Affect Rice Productivity through Altered Photosynthesis, Respiration and Spikelet Fertility

R. Mohammed; J. T. Cothren; L. Tarpley Crop Science 2013. doi:10.2135/cropsci2013.01.0060

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect High night temperature reduced rice yield by 11%.
Intervention effect High night temperature reduced photosynthetic rate by 5%.
Intervention effect High night temperature reduced pollen viability by 11%.
Intervention effect High night temperature increased respiration rate by 44%.
Intervention effect High night temperature reduced grain width by 4%.
Intervention effect High night temperature increased grain chalkiness by 65%.
Intervention effect ABA under high night temperature increased yield by 15%.
Intervention effect ABA under high night temperature increased photosynthesis by 6%.
Intervention effect ABA under high night temperature increased spikelet fertility by 6%.
Intervention effect ABA under high night temperature decreased respiration by 33%.
Intervention effect ABA under high night temperature increased stomatal conductance by 22%.
Intervention effect ABA under high night temperature decreased nonphotochemical quenching by 29%.
Intervention effect ABA under ambient night temperature increased yield by 9%.
Intervention effect ABA under ambient night temperature increased photosynthesis by 7%.
Intervention effect ABA under ambient night temperature increased spikelet fertility by 7%.
Intervention effect ABA under ambient night temperature decreased respiration by 16%.
Intervention effect ABA under ambient night temperature increased quantum yield by 8%.
Intervention effect ABA under ambient night temperature increased electron transport rate by 8%.
Recommendation The authors conclude that ABA could improve rice yield under high night temperature.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Lower irrigation significantly reduced wheat phenology and growth traits.

Treatment: decreasing irrigation water amount from 5476 to 3285 m3 ha-1e0
Outcome: days to heading, days to maturity, plant heighte0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“decreasing irrigation water amount from 5476 to 3285 m3 ha-1 caused a significant decrease in days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, leaf area index at 75 and days after sowing, leaf chlorophyll content, spike length, number of spikes m-2, number of spikelets spike-1, number of kernels spike-1, thousand kernel weight, grain yield, biological yield, and grain carbohydrate content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 565–956

Title

Effect of Melatonin, Salicylic Acid, and Mycorrhizal Fungi Application on Agronomic and Grain Quality Traits in Wheat Grown under Different Water Irrigation Levels

Khalaf Fayez; Fatma Abdo; Hosna Sabra Sohag Journal of Sciences 2022. doi:10.21608/sjsci.2022.167512.1038

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Lower irrigation significantly reduced yield components and grain carbohydrate content.
Intervention effect Lower irrigation significantly increased wheat grain protein content.
Intervention effect Melatonin reduced negative water-stress effects compared with control.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid reduced negative water-stress effects compared with control.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal fungal inoculation reduced negative water-stress effects compared with control.
Intervention effect Salicylic acid plus mycorrhizal fungi produced the strongest stress reduction and highest trait means.
Intervention effect Melatonin plus mycorrhizal fungi produced the strongest stress reduction and highest trait means.

Mechanismobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Reduced ineffective tillers promoted panicle development through higher biomass and nitrogen per tiller.

Taxon: riceOryza sativae1
Organ / stage: paniclese0
Outcome: development of paniclese0
Qualifier: accumulation of biomass and nitrogen per tillere0

Verbatim

e0
“The decrease of ineffective tillers increased the accumulation of biomass and nitrogen per tiller, which promoted the development of panicles”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 502–643

e1
“rice yield by affecting tiller growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 147–184

Title

Optimized nitrogen application increases rice yield by improving the quality of tillers

Wei Zhou; Fengjun Yan; Yong Chen; et al. Plant Production Science 2022. doi:10.1080/1343943x.2022.2061538

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Optimized nitrogen application decreased the emergence rate of secondary tillers.
Intervention effect Optimized nitrogen application decreased emergence of high leaf position tillers.
Intervention effect The number of primary tillers increased under optimized nitrogen application.
Mechanism Reduced ineffective tillers increased biomass and nitrogen accumulation per tiller.
Intervention effect Optimized nitrogen application increased differentiated spikelet number by 10.85%–21.70% compared with traditional application.
Intervention effect Optimized nitrogen application increased filled spikelet number by 9.67%–18.95%.
Intervention effect Optimized nitrogen application increased rice yield by 9.6%.
Observation Primary tillers at the first, second, fifth and sixth leaf positions were superior quality tillers and contributed greatly to rice yield.
Intervention effect Nitrogen application significantly affected primary tillers at the first, second, fifth and sixth leaf positions.
Recommendation The authors propose managing tiller quality to stabilize rice yield with less nitrogen or increase yield without more nitrogen.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Application of 2,4-D at full bloom decreased the fruit diameter:length ratio in Citrus sinensis.

Taxon: Citrus sinensisCitrus sinensise0
Treatment: Application of 2,4-D at FBe4
Outcome: fruit diameter:length ratioe4
Direction: decreasee4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“‘Navel’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (Osbeck)]”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 7–54

e4
“Application of 2,4-D at FB had no effect on fruit diameter, fruit yield, fruit number, or fruit quality parameters, except for a decrease in the fruit diameter:length ratio”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1392–1564

Title

Optimal timing of application of 2,4-D on ‘Navel’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis(Osbeck)] reduces the size of the navel-end

G. Mupambi; J. S. Verreynne; O. P. J. Stander; et al. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 2015. doi:10.1080/14620316.2015.11668724

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Application of 2,4-D at full bloom significantly increased the percentage of closed navel-ends in Newhall Navel sweet orange.
Intervention effect Application of 2,4-D at full bloom significantly increased the percentage of closed navel-ends in Washington Navel sweet orange.
Intervention effect Application of 2,4-D at full bloom significantly reduced navel-end size in Newhall Navel sweet orange.
Intervention effect Application of 2,4-D at full bloom significantly reduced navel-end size in Washington Navel sweet orange.
Intervention effect Timing of 2,4-D application was more important than its concentration for increasing closed navel-ends and reducing navel-end size.
Intervention effect Application of 2,4-D at full bloom had no effect on fruit diameter, fruit yield or fruit number in Citrus sinensis.
Intervention effect Application of 2,4-D at full bloom had no effect on fruit quality parameters in Citrus sinensis.
Intervention effect Successful 2,4-D spray treatment slightly decreased fruit juice content in Citrus sinensis.
Recommendation The authors recommend a foliar 2,4-D spray at full bloom to improve the pack-out percentage of export-quality Navel sweet oranges.
Intervention effect A foliar 2,4-D spray at full bloom can reduce the number of culled fruit in Citrus sinensis.
Intervention effect Later 2,4-D treatments were ineffective, compared with application at full bloom, for navel-end outcomes in Citrus sinensis.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors proposed manipulating days to 50% flowering to change reproductive duration.

Taxon: lentilLens culinarist0
Outcome: manipulation of days to 50% floweringe0

Verbatim

t0
“lentil”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 69–75

e0
“Therefore manipulation of days to 50% flowering is important to increase or decrease the reproduction duration.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 777–888

Title

Impact of reproductive duration on yield and its component traits in lentil

Jitendra Kumar; Ekta Srivatava Legume Research - An International Journal 2015. doi:10.5958/0976-0571.2015.00077.6

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observation Reproductive duration and other agronomic traits varied significantly, except harvest index.
Observation Harvest index did not show significant variability.
Association Longer reproductive duration was associated with lower yield.
Association Long reproductive duration was associated with increased seed size.
Association Variability in reproductive duration depended on days to 50% flowering rather than days to maturity.
Association Days to 50% flowering and days to maturity had a highly significant negative correlation.
Association Biological yield per plant was positively related to grain yield.
Association Plant height had a positive impact on biological yield.
Association Pods per plant had a positive impact on biological yield.
Association Harvest index was not associated with reproductive duration.
Observation LL 864 had the maximum pods per plant, high biological yield, and high yield.
Observation IC520341 was identified for early flowering.
Recommendation The identified genotypes could be useful in breeding early maturing, high yielding lentils.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High planting density decreased the mechanical strength of basal internodes of maize.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Treatment: high-density (H) treatmente3
Outcome: mechanical strength of basal internodese5
Direction: a decreasee5
Comparator: low-density (L) treatmente3
Setting: field experimente0

Verbatim

t0
“densely planted maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 112–133

e0
“A three-year field experiment was conducted”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 625–668

e3
“Compared to the low-density (L) treatment, the height parameters and center of gravity of summer maize under the high-density (H) treatment were significantly elevated”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1125–1292

e5
“a decrease in the mechanical strength of basal internodes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1398–1455

Title

Optimizing plant morphology to enhance canopy light distribution improves lodging resistance and grain yield in densely planted maize

Jiyu Zhao; Wenjie Geng; Yuqi Xue; et al. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025. doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.03.012

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Tetraploid full seed number decreased significantly to 57.67 seed versus 225.48 seed in diploids.

Taxon: watermelonsCitrullus lanatust0
Material: tetraploide0
Outcome: full seed numbere0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 57.67 seede0
Qualifier: 225.48 seede0
Comparator: diploidse0

Verbatim

e0
“a significant decrease occurred in terms of seed germination, full seed number, seed yield and embryo/seed ratio (57.22%, 225.48 seed, 6.33 g/fruit, 57.51% respectively in diploids; 37.31%, 57.67 seed, 4.90 g/fruit, 46.42% in tetraploid)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1101–1338

t0
“watermelons”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 79–90

Title

Comparison on flower, fruit and seed characteristics of tetraploid and diploid watermelons (Citrullus lanatus Thunb. Matsum. and Nakai)

Pınar ADIGÜZEL; İlknur SOLMAZ; Şenay KARABIYIK; et al. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 2022. doi:10.31015/jaefs.2022.4.26

Other claims from this paper (9)

“yield decrease”

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