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Development, reproduction & morphology 572

Show all 572 →
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in kernels per ear was associated with the decrease in grain yield (r2 = 0.88, P < 0.001).

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage
eare4
Outcome
kernels per eare4
Direction
decreasee4
Value
r2 = 0.88e4

Verbatim

t0

“Differential responses of maize yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–37
e4

“The decrease in grain yield was largely caused by the decrease in kernels per ear (r2 = 0.88, P < 0.001)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 909–1013

Title

Differential responses of maize yield to drought at vegetative and reproductive stages

MI Na; Fu CAI; Yushu ZHANG; et al. Plant Soil and Environment 2018. doi:10.17221/141/2018-pse

Other claims from this paper (6)
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Maintaining a high proportion of double-flowered plants may decrease seed yield.

Taxon
zinniaZinniat0
Outcome
seed yielde0
Qualifier
may decreasee0

Verbatim

e0

“maintaining a high percentage of plants with double-flowered capitula may decrease seed yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 840–933
t0

“Zinnia”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–18

Title

Analysis of Zinnia Capitulum Composition

Daiichiro Miyajima; Masaaki Nakayama Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 1994. doi:10.21273/jashs.119.4.683

Other claims from this paper (6)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 1440 g/10 a of boron, a decrease in seeds per pod was also involved in the yield decrease.

Taxon
Kidney BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
1440 g/10 aの施用区e1
Outcome
一莢内粒数e1
Direction
低下e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1

“1440 g/10 aの施用区では一莢内粒数の低下も関与した”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–544
t0

“Kidney Bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 72–83

Title

Effects of Boron Application on Seed Yield and Yield- Related Traits in Kidney Bean

Ichi SASAKI; Takuya KITABATAKE; Toshiki MATSUI; et al. Japanese Journal of Crop Science 2026. doi:10.1626/jcs.95.104

Other claims from this paper (15)

Breeding, agronomy & horticulture 368

Show all 368 →
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in kernels per ear was associated with the decrease in grain yield (r2 = 0.88, P < 0.001).

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage
eare4
Outcome
kernels per eare4
Direction
decreasee4
Value
r2 = 0.88e4

Verbatim

t0

“Differential responses of maize yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–37
e4

“The decrease in grain yield was largely caused by the decrease in kernels per ear (r2 = 0.88, P < 0.001)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 909–1013

Title

Differential responses of maize yield to drought at vegetative and reproductive stages

MI Na; Fu CAI; Yushu ZHANG; et al. Plant Soil and Environment 2018. doi:10.17221/141/2018-pse

Other claims from this paper (6)
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Maintaining a high proportion of double-flowered plants may decrease seed yield.

Taxon
zinniaZinniat0
Outcome
seed yielde0
Qualifier
may decreasee0

Verbatim

e0

“maintaining a high percentage of plants with double-flowered capitula may decrease seed yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 840–933
t0

“Zinnia”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–18

Title

Analysis of Zinnia Capitulum Composition

Daiichiro Miyajima; Masaaki Nakayama Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 1994. doi:10.21273/jashs.119.4.683

Other claims from this paper (6)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At 1440 g/10 a of boron, a decrease in seeds per pod was also involved in the yield decrease.

Taxon
Kidney BeanPhaseolus vulgarist0
Treatment
1440 g/10 aの施用区e1
Outcome
一莢内粒数e1
Direction
低下e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1

“1440 g/10 aの施用区では一莢内粒数の低下も関与した”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 514–544
t0

“Kidney Bean”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 72–83

Title

Effects of Boron Application on Seed Yield and Yield- Related Traits in Kidney Bean

Ichi SASAKI; Takuya KITABATAKE; Toshiki MATSUI; et al. Japanese Journal of Crop Science 2026. doi:10.1626/jcs.95.104

Other claims from this paper (15)

Physiology, metabolism & abiotic stress 170

Show all 170 →
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in maize yield with rising temperature could be attributed to a shorter crop duration.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Treatment
increase in temperaturee0
Outcome
maize yielde0
Qualifier
decrease in duration of the crope0

Verbatim

e0

“The decrease in maize yield due to increase in temperature could be attributed to decrease in duration of the crop”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1089–1203

Title

Potential impact of future climate change on maize (Zea mays L.) under rainfed condition in central India

ROHIT PATIDAR; M. MOHANTY; NISHANT K. SINHA; et al. Journal of Agrometeorology 2021. doi:10.54386/jam.v22i1.117

Other claims from this paper (9)
Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The jointing to spike formation stage was identified as the key period for UVB-related yield decrease.

Taxon
winter wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Organ / stage
jointing-spike formatione0
Outcome
yield decreasee0

Verbatim

e0

“The key growing stage which cause the yield decrease is during the jointing-spike formation.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 754–846
t0

“winter wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 29–41

Title

Yield and yield formation of winter wheat in response to enhanced solar ultraviolet-B radiation

Youfei Zheng; Wei Gao; James R. Slusser; et al. Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE 2002. doi:10.1117/12.452936

Other claims from this paper (1)
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The in vitro decrease matched the decrease in vivo during auxin-induced growth acceleration.

Outcome
yield threshold obtained in vivo ( Y )e0
Direction
decreasee0
Comparator
auxin‐induced growth acceleratione0

Verbatim

e0

“to the same extent as the decrease of the yield threshold obtained in vivo ( Y ) with auxin‐induced growth acceleration of hypocotyl segments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 506–647
t0

“cowpea hypocotyl”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 105–121

Title

The pH‐dependent yield threshold of the cell wall in a glycerinated hollow cylinder (in vitro system) of cowpea hypocotyl

H. OKAMOTO; A. OKAMOTO Plant Cell & Environment 1994. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00327.x

Other claims from this paper (5)

Woody plants 38

Show all 38 →
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Water stress decreased bud number and flower yield.

Taxon
Miniature Roset0
Treatment
Water stresse0
Outcome
number of buds and a decrease in flower yielde0
Direction
decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Water stress caused a decrease in the number of buds and a decrease in flower yield.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–791
t0

“Miniature Rose Varieties”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 44–68

Title

Determination of Drought Resistance of Some Miniature Rose Varieties

Kürşad Demirel; Gülizar Rumeyse Doğan; Gökhan Çamoğlu; et al. Bahçe 2025. doi:10.53471/bahce.1548989

Other claims from this paper (5)
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Decreasing yield was accompanied by increased return bloom.

Organ / stage
bloome0
Outcome
return bloome0
Direction
increasede0
Comparator
Decrease in yielde0

Verbatim

e0

“Decrease in yield was paralled by increased return bloom”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 796–852
t0

“Apple Trees”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 74–85

Title

Effect of Seasonal Soil Waterlogging on Vegetative Growth and Fruiting of Apple Trees

William C. Olien Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 1987. doi:10.21273/jashs.112.2.209

Other claims from this paper (9)
Mechanismauthor interpretationreview summarynegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf rust defoliation can decrease floral bud differentiation.

Taxon
southern highbush blueberriese1
Outcome
floral bud differentiatione0
Direction
decreasee0
Qualifier
defoliatione0

Not reportedInteractor

Verbatim

e0

“Severe leaf rust causes defoliation in the fall or early winter, which can decrease floral bud differentiation, photosynthesis, and the next season’s fruit yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 151–312
e1

“southern highbush blueberries”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 37–66

Title

Leaf Rust Disease of Southern Highbush Blueberry in Florida

Philip F. Harmon; Christ Mane Belizaire; Douglas A. Phillips EDIS 2025. doi:10.32473/edis-pp385-2025

Other claims from this paper (4)

Molecular genetics & genomics 31

Show all 31 →
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Down-regulation of PaWOX2 early in embryo development caused a significant decrease in the yield of mature embryos.

Taxon
Picea abiesPicea abiese2
Treatment
Down-regulation of PaWOX2 in the beginning of embryo developmente7
Gene
PaWOX2e7
Outcome
yield of mature embryose7
Direction
decreasee7
Qualifier
before late embryos were formede7

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e7

“Down-regulation of PaWOX2 in the beginning of embryo development, before late embryos were formed, caused a significant decrease in the yield of mature embryos”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1103–1262
e2

“in the gymnosperm Picea abies (Pa; Norway spruce)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 395–444

Title

WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 2 is important for protoderm and suspensor development in the gymnosperm Norway spruce

Tianqing Zhu; Panagiotis N. Moschou; José M. Alvarez; et al. BMC Plant Biology 2016. doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0706-7

Other claims from this paper (9)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mutation decreased grain yield by more than 80%.

Outcome
grain yielde0
Direction
decreasee0
Value
>80%e0

Not reportedTreatmentComparator

Verbatim

e0

“leading to a >80% decrease in seed-setting rate and grain yield.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1497–1561
t0

“rice”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 4–8

Title

The rice phosphate transporter OsPHT1;7 plays a dual role in phosphorus redistribution and anther development

Changrong Dai; Xiaoli Dai; Hongye Qu; et al. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022. doi:10.1093/plphys/kiac030

Other claims from this paper (10)
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

FUS3S>A phenotypes correlated with approximately 50% lower seed yield.

Taxon
ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
Material
FUS3S>Ae0
Outcome
seed yielde0
Direction
decreasee0
Value
~50%e0

Verbatim

e0

“FUS3S>A embryos displayed increased seed abortion due to maternal FUS3S>A and delayed embryo development, which correlated with a strong decrease in seed yield (~50%)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 765–931
t0

“Arabidopsis”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 120–131

Title

SnRK1 phosphorylation of FUSCA3 positively regulates embryogenesis, seed yield, and plant growth at high temperature in Arabidopsis

Aaron Chan; Carina Carianopol; Allen Yi-Lun Tsai; et al. Journal of Experimental Botany 2017. doi:10.1093/jxb/erx233

Other claims from this paper (11)

Plant interactions & biotic stress 12

Show all 12 →
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Halving insect visits caused little sunflower yield decrease.

Taxon
sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Treatment
insect visits were reduced by 50%e0
Outcome
yielde0
Direction
little decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“little decrease in yield when insect visits were reduced by 50%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 632–695
t0

“in sunflower, combining a gradient in insect pollination”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 208–264

Title

Pollination benefits are maximized at intermediate nutrient levels

Giovanni Tamburini; Francesco Lami; Lorenzo Marini Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences 2017. doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0729

Other claims from this paper (4)
Mechanismauthor interpretationreview summarynegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf rust defoliation can decrease floral bud differentiation.

Taxon
southern highbush blueberriese1
Outcome
floral bud differentiatione0
Direction
decreasee0
Qualifier
defoliatione0

Not reportedInteractor

Verbatim

e0

“Severe leaf rust causes defoliation in the fall or early winter, which can decrease floral bud differentiation, photosynthesis, and the next season’s fruit yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 151–312
e1

“southern highbush blueberries”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 37–66

Title

Leaf Rust Disease of Southern Highbush Blueberry in Florida

Philip F. Harmon; Christ Mane Belizaire; Douglas A. Phillips EDIS 2025. doi:10.32473/edis-pp385-2025

Other claims from this paper (4)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Isolating garden dill flowers from pollinators decreased seed yield by 30% in 1977.

Taxon
Garden dillt0
Treatment
isolation of the flowers from the pollinatorse1
Interactor
pollinatorse1pollinator
Outcome
seed yielde1
Direction
decreasee1
Value
30%e1
Qualifier
1977e1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0

“Garden dill”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 78–89
e1

“The isolation of the flowers from the pollinators brought about the decrease of the seed yield of 30% in 1977 and of 43% in 1978”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 879–1007

Title

Biology of the bloom and pollination of the umbelliferous vegetables. Part I: Garden dill (Anethum graveolens L.)

Zofia Warakomska; Zofia Kolasa; Anna Wróblewska Acta Agrobotanica 2013. doi:10.5586/aa.1982.007

Other claims from this paper (7)

Methods & resources 3

Show all 3 →
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultnegativeprojected

Claim · model-written summary

A literature lettuce yield of 700 kg m −2 yr −1 would require a 51% shorter crop cycle of 6.8 days.

Taxon
lettuceLactuca sativae0
Outcome
crop cycle timee0
Direction
decreasee0
Value
51%e0
Qualifier
6.8 dayse0
Comparator
700 kg m −2 yr −1e0

Verbatim

e0

“Further improvements in VF lettuce yields from the literature (700 kg m −2 yr −1 ) would require an unprecedented 51% decrease in crop cycle time (6.8 days).”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 813–970

Title

Think sink, not source: how vertical farming’s potential is limited by crop breeding

Gertjan Meeuws; Daan Heeling; José M. Mogollón; et al. Frontiers in Plant Science 2025. doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1621684

Other claims from this paper (6)
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In vitro cell wall extensibility (ϕ) was the best indicator of hypocotyl growth rate among the tested creep metrics.

Taxon
Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
Outcome
best indicator of growth ratee1
Comparator
creep ratee0

Verbatim

e0

“we critically tested several metrics (creep rate, creep rate×stress-1, in vitro cell wall extensibility (ϕ) and in vitro cell wall yield threshold (y)) for their ability to predict growth rates of etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) hypocotyls”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 275–525
e1

“The best indicator of growth rate was ϕ because the 3-fold developmental decrease in the growth rate of 4- vs 3-day-old hypocotyls was accompanied by a 3-fold decrease in ϕ determined at pH 5”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 693–884

Title

In vitro cell wall extensibility controls age-related changes in the growth rate of etiolated Arabidopsis hypocotyls

Dmitry Suslov; Alexander Ivakov; Agnieszka K. Boron; et al. Functional Plant Biology 2015. doi:10.1071/fp15190

Other claims from this paper (5)
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The point when the percentage increase peaked and then slowed marked when fruit-bearing percentage was destined.

Outcome
period in which fruit bearing percentage is destinede0

Not reportedComparatorValue

Verbatim

e0

“the period when the rate of increase in the percentage above mentioned reaches a maximum and thereafter the rate begins to decrease remarkably has been proved to be the period in which fruit bearing percentage is destined”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2340–2561
t0

“Lowland Rice (Preliminary report)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 45–78

Title

Crop-Scientific Studies on Yield-Forecast of Lowland Rice (Preliminary report) : XI. On Forecast of Fruit Bearing Percentage in Rice (1)

Seizo MATSUSHIMA; Takio MANAKA; Nobuyuki KOMATSU Japanese Journal of Crop Science 1954. doi:10.1626/jcs.23.41b

Other claims from this paper (9)

Ecology, evolution & diversity 1

Show all 1 →
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The graded pattern reduced Plantago reproductive yield by 5.5% relative to the theoretical maximum.

Taxon
PlantagoPlantagoe0
Outcome
reproductive yielde0
Direction
decreasee0
Value
5.5%e0
Comparator
theoretical maximume0

Verbatim

e0

“This graded patter results in a 5.5% decrease in reproductive yield for Plantago relative to the theoretical maximum.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 476–593

Title

Energy Allocation Patterns of the California Grassland Annuals Plantago Erecta and Clarkia Rubicunda

David King; Jonathan Roughgarden Ecology 1983. doi:10.2307/1937324

Other claims from this paper (2)

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