Abstract
A field study was conducted at Cooch Behar during the rainy seasons of 2006 and 2007 to find out the economically viable weed control practices in transplanted and wet seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). In transplanted rice, Monochoria hastate Prest., Ludwigia parviflora Roxb., Nymphoides indicum (L) and Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.)] were dominant weed. In wet seeded rice Monochoria hastate Prest., Ludwigia perennis Roxb., Flatsedge [Cyperus flavidus (L.)], Cyperus difformis (L.), Scirpus juncoides (L.) and Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.)] were aggressive and important weeds. In transplanted rice, butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuronethyl + Metsulfuron-methyl) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplanting registered higher weed control efficiency and grain yield (3.17 and 3.50 tonne/ha) comparable with season long weed-free condition. This treatment gave maximum monetary returns of ` 14 843 and 17 728/ha as well as benefit:cost ratio of 1.09 and 1.31 during 2006 and 2007, respectively. In wet-seeded rice, drum seeding, followed by brown manuring [seeding of dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata) with rice seeds, followed by 2,4-D 0.50 kg/ha application at 25 days after sowing and subsequent incorporation of dried dhaincha with rotary weeder at 35 DAS, was comparable with season long weed-free condition in terms of yield (3.03 and 3.32 tonnes/ ha) and thus resulting in maximum monetary benefit of ` 14 204 and 16 829/ha with benefit:cost ratio of 1.10 and 1.30 in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Weeds in complete weedy situation removed 30.1 to 34.3 kg N, 5.8 to 7.4 kg P and 37.8 to 42.9 kg K/ha in transplanted rice and 37.7 to 50.9 kg N, 10.3 to 15.7 kg P and 47.4 to 63.7 kg K/ha in wet-seeded rice, respectively, during 2006 and 2007. Butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuron-ethyl 10% + Metsulfuron-methyl 10%) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplating in transplanted rice and practice of brown manuring in wet-seeded rice were found effective to control weeds and these weed control practices prevented removal of 24.1 to 28.1 kg N, 5.4 to 6.9 kg P and 30.1 to 35.0 kg K/ha in transplanted rice and 30.7 to 42.4 kg N, 9.1 to 13.8 kg P and 38.3 to 52.9 kg K/ha in wet-seeded rice by the weeds-respectively.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Four named weeds dominated transplanted rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Interactor
- Monochoria hastate Prest.e0weed
- Outcome
- dominant weede0
- Qualifier
- transplanted ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In transplanted rice, Monochoria hastate Prest., Ludwigia parviflora Roxb., Nymphoides indicum (L) and Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.)] were dominant weed”
e1“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Six named weeds were aggressive and important in wet-seeded rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- Monochoria hastate Prest.e0weed
- Outcome
- aggressive and important weedse0
- Qualifier
- wet seeded ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wet seeded rice Monochoria hastate Prest., Ludwigia perennis Roxb., Flatsedge [Cyperus flavidus (L.)], Cyperus difformis (L.), Scirpus juncoides (L.) and Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.)] were aggressive and important weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor plus almix gave higher weed control efficiency in transplanted rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuronethyl + Metsulfuron-methyl) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplantinge0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- season long weed-free conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In transplanted rice, butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuronethyl + Metsulfuron-methyl) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplanting registered higher weed control efficiency and grain yield (3.17 and 3.50 tonne/ha) comparable with season long weed-free condition”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor plus almix gave transplanted rice yields of 3.17 and 3.50 tonne/ha, comparable with season-long weed-free conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuronethyl + Metsulfuron-methyl) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplantinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Value
- 3.17 and 3.50 tonne/hae0
- Comparator
- season long weed-free conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In transplanted rice, butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuronethyl + Metsulfuron-methyl) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplanting registered higher weed control efficiency and grain yield (3.17 and 3.50 tonne/ha) comparable with season long weed-free condition”
Claim · model-written summary
That treatment gave maximum monetary returns of 14 843 and 17 728 per hectare.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuronethyl + Metsulfuron-methyl) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplantinge1
- Outcome
- monetary returnse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- ` 14 843 and 17 728/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment gave maximum monetary returns of ` 14 843 and 17 728/ha as well as benefit:cost ratio of 1.09 and 1.31 during 2006 and 2007, respectively”
e1“In transplanted rice, butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuronethyl + Metsulfuron-methyl) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
That treatment gave benefit:cost ratios of 1.09 and 1.31.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuronethyl + Metsulfuron-methyl) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplantinge1
- Outcome
- benefit:cost ratioe0
- Value
- 1.09 and 1.31e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This treatment gave maximum monetary returns of ` 14 843 and 17 728/ha as well as benefit:cost ratio of 1.09 and 1.31 during 2006 and 2007, respectively”
e1“In transplanted rice, butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuronethyl + Metsulfuron-methyl) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
Brown manuring in wet-seeded rice produced yields of 3.03 and 3.32 tonnes/ ha comparable with weed-free conditions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- brown manuringe0
- Interactor
- dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata)Sesbania rostratae0other
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Value
- 3.03 and 3.32 tonnes/ hae0
- Comparator
- season long weed-free conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wet-seeded rice, drum seeding, followed by brown manuring [seeding of dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata) with rice seeds, followed by 2,4-D 0.50 kg/ha application at 25 days after sowing and subsequent incorporation of dried dhaincha with rotary weeder at 35 DAS, was comparable with season long weed-free condition in terms of yield (3.03 and 3.32 tonnes/ ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Brown manuring gave maximum monetary benefit of 14 204 and 16 829 per hectare.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- brown manuringe1
- Outcome
- monetary benefite0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- ` 14 204 and 16 829/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in maximum monetary benefit of ` 14 204 and 16 829/ha with benefit:cost ratio of 1.10 and 1.30 in 2006 and 2007, respectively”
e1“brown manuring [seeding of dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata) with rice seeds”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Brown manuring gave benefit:cost ratios of 1.10 and 1.30.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- brown manuringe1
- Outcome
- benefit:cost ratioe0
- Value
- 1.10 and 1.30e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in maximum monetary benefit of ` 14 204 and 16 829/ha with benefit:cost ratio of 1.10 and 1.30 in 2006 and 2007, respectively”
e1“brown manuring [seeding of dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata) with rice seeds”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds removed 30.1 to 34.3 kg N per hectare from transplanted rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- Weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Weeds in complete weedy situation removede0
- Value
- 30.1 to 34.3 kg Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weeds in complete weedy situation removed 30.1 to 34.3 kg N, 5.8 to 7.4 kg P and 37.8 to 42.9 kg K/ha in transplanted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds removed 5.8 to 7.4 kg P per hectare from transplanted rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- Weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Weeds in complete weedy situation removede0
- Value
- 5.8 to 7.4 kg Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weeds in complete weedy situation removed 30.1 to 34.3 kg N, 5.8 to 7.4 kg P and 37.8 to 42.9 kg K/ha in transplanted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds removed 37.8 to 42.9 kg K/ha from transplanted rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- Weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Weeds in complete weedy situation removede0
- Value
- 37.8 to 42.9 kg K/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weeds in complete weedy situation removed 30.1 to 34.3 kg N, 5.8 to 7.4 kg P and 37.8 to 42.9 kg K/ha in transplanted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds removed 37.7 to 50.9 kg N per hectare from wet-seeded rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- Weedse1weed
- Outcome
- Weeds in complete weedy situation removede1
- Value
- 37.7 to 50.9 kg Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“37.7 to 50.9 kg N, 10.3 to 15.7 kg P and 47.4 to 63.7 kg K/ha in wet-seeded rice”
e1“Weeds in complete weedy situation removed”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds removed 10.3 to 15.7 kg P per hectare from wet-seeded rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- Weedse1weed
- Outcome
- Weeds in complete weedy situation removede1
- Value
- 10.3 to 15.7 kg Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“37.7 to 50.9 kg N, 10.3 to 15.7 kg P and 47.4 to 63.7 kg K/ha in wet-seeded rice”
e1“Weeds in complete weedy situation removed”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds removed 47.4 to 63.7 kg K/ha from wet-seeded rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- Weedse1weed
- Outcome
- Weeds in complete weedy situation removede1
- Value
- 47.4 to 63.7 kg K/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“37.7 to 50.9 kg N, 10.3 to 15.7 kg P and 47.4 to 63.7 kg K/ha in wet-seeded rice”
e1“Weeds in complete weedy situation removed”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor plus almix prevented weed removal of 24.1 to 28.1 kg N in transplanted rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuron-ethyl 10% + Metsulfuron-methyl 10%) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplatinge0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- removale0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Value
- 24.1 to 28.1 kg Ne0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuron-ethyl 10% + Metsulfuron-methyl 10%) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplating in transplanted rice and practice of brown manuring in wet-seeded rice were found effective to control weeds and these weed control practices prevented removal of 24.1 to 28.1 kg N, 5.4 to 6.9 kg P and 30.1 to 35.0 kg K/ha in transplanted rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor plus almix prevented weed removal of 5.4 to 6.9 kg P in transplanted rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuron-ethyl 10% + Metsulfuron-methyl 10%) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplatinge1
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- removale0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Value
- 5.4 to 6.9 kg Pe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these weed control practices prevented removal of 24.1 to 28.1 kg N, 5.4 to 6.9 kg P and 30.1 to 35.0 kg K/ha in transplanted rice”
e1“Butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuron-ethyl 10% + Metsulfuron-methyl 10%) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplating”
Claim · model-written summary
Butachlor plus almix prevented weed removal of 30.1 to 35.0 kg K/ha in transplanted rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuron-ethyl 10% + Metsulfuron-methyl 10%) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplatinge1
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- removale0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Value
- 30.1 to 35.0 kg K/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these weed control practices prevented removal of 24.1 to 28.1 kg N, 5.4 to 6.9 kg P and 30.1 to 35.0 kg K/ha in transplanted rice”
e1“Butachlor 1.0 kg/ha at 3 days after transplanting + almix 20 WP (Chlorimuron-ethyl 10% + Metsulfuron-methyl 10%) 4.0 g/ha at 20 days after transplating”
Claim · model-written summary
Brown manuring prevented weed removal of 30.7 to 42.4 kg N and 9.1 to 13.8 kg P in wet-seeded rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- brown manuringe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- removale0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Value
- 30.7 to 42.4 kg Ne0
- Qualifier
- 9.1 to 13.8 kg Pe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“practice of brown manuring in wet-seeded rice were found effective to control weeds and these weed control practices prevented removal of 24.1 to 28.1 kg N, 5.4 to 6.9 kg P and 30.1 to 35.0 kg K/ha in transplanted rice and 30.7 to 42.4 kg N, 9.1 to 13.8 kg P and 38.3 to 52.9 kg K/ha in wet-seeded rice by the weeds-respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Brown manuring prevented weed removal of 38.3 to 52.9 kg K/ha in wet-seeded rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- brown manuringe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- removale0
- Direction
- preventede0
- Value
- 38.3 to 52.9 kg K/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“practice of brown manuring in wet-seeded rice were found effective to control weeds and these weed control practices prevented removal of 24.1 to 28.1 kg N, 5.4 to 6.9 kg P and 30.1 to 35.0 kg K/ha in transplanted rice and 30.7 to 42.4 kg N, 9.1 to 13.8 kg P and 38.3 to 52.9 kg K/ha in wet-seeded rice by the weeds-respectively”
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