Abstract
An experiment was conducted during wet season of 1991 and 1992 at Ranchi, on integrated weed management for weed growth, nutrient uptake, economics and energetics in upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Integration of pre-emergent butachlor @ 1.5 kg/ha, benthiocarb @ 1.5 kg/ha, oxyfluorfen @ 0.2 kg/ha or oxadiazon@ 0.75 kg/ha with weeding by wheel hoe at 30 days after sowing controlled the weed density and dry weight of weeds in direct-seeded rice. Reduction in nutrient depletion by weeds due to integrated weed management was 44.4 kg N/ha. 10.5 kg P/ha and 20 kg K/ha compared with the weedy control. The application of herbicides alone saved 33. 7 kg N/ha, 4.1 kg P/ha and 14.2 kg K/ha only. The average increase in nutrient uptake by rice was 16.6 kg N/ha, 11.0 kg P/ha and 27.0 kg K/ha with integrated weed management and 10.0 kg N/ha. 6.4 kg P/ha and 14.5 kg K/ha with pre-emergence application of herbicides alone compared with the weedy control. Integrated weed management was comparable with weed-free practice up to 60 days after seeding and hoeing thrice by wheel hoe for grain yield of rice. Combined application of oxadiazon@ 0.75 kg/ha pre-emergence + hoeing at 30 - days after sowing gave the maximum net return (Rs. 2 392/ha), and showed benefit: cost ratio 1.71, energy-use efficiency 7.97 and energy productivity 944 g/mega cal.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated herbicides plus wheel hoe weeding controlled weed density and dry weight in direct-seeded rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Integration of pre-emergent butachlor @ 1.5 kg/ha, benthiocarb @ 1.5 kg/ha, oxyfluorfen @ 0.2 kg/ha or oxadiazon@ 0.75 kg/ha with weeding by wheel hoe at 30 days after sowinge0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed density and dry weight of weedse0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integration of pre-emergent butachlor @ 1.5 kg/ha, benthiocarb @ 1.5 kg/ha, oxyfluorfen @ 0.2 kg/ha or oxadiazon@ 0.75 kg/ha with weeding by wheel hoe at 30 days after sowing controlled the weed density and dry weight of weeds in direct-seeded rice”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management reduced weed nitrogen depletion by 44.4 kg N/ha versus weedy control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- integrated weed managemente0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- nutrient depletion by weedse0
- Direction
- Reductione0
- Value
- 44.4 kg N/hae0
- Comparator
- weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction in nutrient depletion by weeds due to integrated weed management was 44.4 kg N/ha. 10.5 kg P/ha and 20 kg K/ha compared with the weedy control”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management reduced weed phosphorus depletion by 10.5 kg P/ha versus weedy control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- integrated weed managemente0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- nutrient depletion by weedse0
- Direction
- Reductione0
- Value
- 10.5 kg P/hae0
- Comparator
- weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction in nutrient depletion by weeds due to integrated weed management was 44.4 kg N/ha. 10.5 kg P/ha and 20 kg K/ha compared with the weedy control”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management reduced weed potassium depletion by 20 kg K/ha versus weedy control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- integrated weed managemente0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- nutrient depletion by weedse0
- Direction
- Reductione0
- Value
- 20 kg K/hae0
- Comparator
- weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduction in nutrient depletion by weeds due to integrated weed management was 44.4 kg N/ha. 10.5 kg P/ha and 20 kg K/ha compared with the weedy control”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides alone saved 33. 7 kg N/ha from weed depletion.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of herbicides alone saved 33. 7 kg N/ha, 4.1 kg P/ha and 14.2 kg K/ha only”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides alone saved 4.1 kg P/ha from weed depletion.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of herbicides alone saved 33. 7 kg N/ha, 4.1 kg P/ha and 14.2 kg K/ha only”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides alone saved 14.2 kg K/ha from weed depletion.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of herbicides alone saved 33. 7 kg N/ha, 4.1 kg P/ha and 14.2 kg K/ha only”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management increased rice nitrogen uptake by 16.6 kg N/ha versus weedy control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- integrated weed managemente0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake by ricee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 16.6 kg N/hae0
- Comparator
- weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average increase in nutrient uptake by rice was 16.6 kg N/ha, 11.0 kg P/ha and 27.0 kg K/ha with integrated weed management and 10.0 kg N/ha. 6.4 kg P/ha and 14.5 kg K/ha with pre-emergence application of herbicides alone compared with the weedy control”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management increased rice phosphorus uptake by 11.0 kg P/ha versus weedy control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- integrated weed managemente0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake by ricee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 11.0 kg P/hae0
- Comparator
- weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average increase in nutrient uptake by rice was 16.6 kg N/ha, 11.0 kg P/ha and 27.0 kg K/ha with integrated weed management and 10.0 kg N/ha. 6.4 kg P/ha and 14.5 kg K/ha with pre-emergence application of herbicides alone compared with the weedy control”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated management increased rice potassium uptake by 27.0 kg K/ha versus weedy control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- integrated weed managemente0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake by ricee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 27.0 kg K/hae0
- Comparator
- weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average increase in nutrient uptake by rice was 16.6 kg N/ha, 11.0 kg P/ha and 27.0 kg K/ha with integrated weed management and 10.0 kg N/ha. 6.4 kg P/ha and 14.5 kg K/ha with pre-emergence application of herbicides alone compared with the weedy control”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides alone increased rice nitrogen uptake by 10.0 kg N/ha versus weedy control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- pre-emergence application of herbicides alonee0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake by ricee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 10.0 kg N/hae0
- Comparator
- weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average increase in nutrient uptake by rice was 16.6 kg N/ha, 11.0 kg P/ha and 27.0 kg K/ha with integrated weed management and 10.0 kg N/ha. 6.4 kg P/ha and 14.5 kg K/ha with pre-emergence application of herbicides alone compared with the weedy control”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides alone increased rice phosphorus uptake by 6.4 kg P/ha versus weedy control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- pre-emergence application of herbicides alonee0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake by ricee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 6.4 kg P/hae0
- Comparator
- weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average increase in nutrient uptake by rice was 16.6 kg N/ha, 11.0 kg P/ha and 27.0 kg K/ha with integrated weed management and 10.0 kg N/ha. 6.4 kg P/ha and 14.5 kg K/ha with pre-emergence application of herbicides alone compared with the weedy control”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides alone increased rice potassium uptake by 14.5 kg K/ha versus weedy control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- pre-emergence application of herbicides alonee0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptake by ricee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 14.5 kg K/hae0
- Comparator
- weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average increase in nutrient uptake by rice was 16.6 kg N/ha, 11.0 kg P/ha and 27.0 kg K/ha with integrated weed management and 10.0 kg N/ha. 6.4 kg P/ha and 14.5 kg K/ha with pre-emergence application of herbicides alone compared with the weedy control”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated weed management gave rice grain yield comparable to weed-free practice and three wheel-hoe passes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Integrated weed managemente0
- Outcome
- grain yield of ricee0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- weed-free practice up to 60 days after seeding and hoeing thrice by wheel hoee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated weed management was comparable with weed-free practice up to 60 days after seeding and hoeing thrice by wheel hoe for grain yield of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxadiazon plus hoeing produced maximum net return of Rs. 2 392/ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- oxadiazon@ 0.75 kg/ha pre-emergence + hoeing at 30 - days after sowinge0
- Outcome
- net returne0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- Rs. 2 392/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of oxadiazon@ 0.75 kg/ha pre-emergence + hoeing at 30 - days after sowing gave the maximum net return (Rs. 2 392/ha)”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment had a benefit:cost ratio of 1.71.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe0
- Value
- 1.71e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“showed benefit: cost ratio 1.71”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment had energy-use efficiency of 7.97.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- energy-use efficiencye0
- Value
- 7.97e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energy-use efficiency 7.97”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment had energy productivity of 944 g/mega cal.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- energy productivitye0
- Value
- 944 g/mega cale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“energy productivity 944 g/mega cal”
t0“rice (Oryza sativa)”
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