Abstract
This research quantifies P, K, Ca and Mg inputs, losses, retention in soil, and uptake and returns for burnt and unburnt pineapple residue in management practices. Treatments used were: leaves residue removed and no fertilization (LRRNF), leaves residue burnt and no fertilization (LRBNF), leaves residue removed and fertilization (LRRF), and leaves residue burnt and fertilization (the usual practice) (LRBF). Nitrogen, P and K were applied in the forms of urea (46.00% N), China phosphate rock (CPR 14.00% P) and muriate of potash (MOP 49.80% K) at the rates of 701.04, 35.56, and 556.56 kg N, K, and P per ha respectively. Rainfall simulator was used for surface runoff measurement on burnt plots before planting. Soil sampling at the depths of 0-5, 525 and . 25 cm were done before planting, during and after fertilization stages. Extractable P, K, Ca and Mg were extracted using the double-acid method. The subtraction method was used to estimate P, K, Ca and Mg leached (kg per haY. At maturity, plants were sampled from each treatment and partitioned into roots, stem, leaves, fruit, crown and peduncle, and the dry weights, of P, K, Ca and Mg contents determined. Molybdate blue method and atomic absorption spectrophotometer were used in determining P, K, Ca and Mg in soil, plant parts and rainwater, K, Ca and Mg additions from fertilizer, ash and precipitation for LRBF were estimated at 54.25, 816.68, 103.31 and 23.54 kg per ha, and those of LRRF (fertilizer and precipitation) were 35.56, 576.05, 100.17, and 4.93 kg P, K, Ca, and Mg per ha, respectively. The estimated amounts of P, K, Ca and Mg lost under LRBF were 18.44, 300.45, 66.06 and 8.63 kg per ha and in the case of LRRF, the losses were 23.19, 244.88, 45.79 and 5.49 kg per ha. Leaching was the major source of P, K, Ca and Mg loss for both practices and this was attributed to inappropriate fertilization frequency. A positive balance of P, K, Ca and Mg was recorded for LRBF, 46.00% P, 28.00% K, 20.00% Ca and 27.00% Mg which could be recycled after cropping. In the case of LRRF, a positive balance ofP, K and Ca was observed. About 60.00%P, 20.00% K, 13.00% Ca and 36.47% Mg get recycled for LRRF.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
K, Ca and Mg additions from fertilizer, ash and precipitation for burnt residue with fertilization (LRBF) were estimated at 54.25, 816.68, 103.31 and 23.54 kg per ha.
- Taxon
- Pineapple
Ananas comosust0 - Treatment
- LRBFe0
- Outcome
- K, Ca and Mg additions from fertilizer, ash and precipitatione0
- Value
- 54.25, 816.68, 103.31 and 23.54 kg per hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pineapple”
e0“K, Ca and Mg additions from fertilizer, ash and precipitation for LRBF were estimated at 54.25, 816.68, 103.31 and 23.54 kg per ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Additions for residue removed with fertilization (LRRF) were 35.56, 576.05, 100.17 and 4.93 kg P, K, Ca and Mg per ha respectively.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Treatment
- LRRFe0
- Outcome
- P, K, Ca, and Mge0
- Value
- 35.56, 576.05, 100.17, and 4.93 kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pineapple”
e0“those of LRRF (fertilizer and precipitation) were 35.56, 576.05, 100.17, and 4.93 kg P, K, Ca, and Mg per ha, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Amounts of P, K, Ca and Mg lost under LRBF were 18.44, 300.45, 66.06 and 8.63 kg per ha.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Treatment
- LRBFe0
- Outcome
- P, K, Ca and Mg loste0
- Value
- 18.44, 300.45, 66.06 and 8.63 kg per hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pineapple”
e0“The estimated amounts of P, K, Ca and Mg lost under LRBF were 18.44, 300.45, 66.06 and 8.63 kg per ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Losses of P, K, Ca and Mg under LRRF were 23.19, 244.88, 45.79 and 5.49 kg per ha.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Treatment
- LRRFe1
- Outcome
- P, K, Ca and Mg loste0
- Value
- 23.19, 244.88, 45.79 and 5.49 kg per hae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pineapple”
e0“The estimated amounts of P, K, Ca and Mg lost”
e1“in the case of LRRF, the losses were 23.19, 244.88, 45.79 and 5.49 kg per ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaching was the major source of P, K, Ca and Mg loss for both practices.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Outcome
- Leaching was the major source of P, K, Ca and Mg losse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pineapple”
e0“Leaching was the major source of P, K, Ca and Mg loss for both practices”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the leaching loss to inappropriate fertilization frequency.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Outcome
- Leachinge0
- Qualifier
- inappropriate fertilization frequencye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pineapple”
e0“Leaching was the major source of P, K, Ca and Mg loss for both practices”
e1“inappropriate fertilization frequency”
Claim · model-written summary
LRBF had a positive balance of P, K, Ca and Mg of 46.00% P, 28.00% K, 20.00% Ca and 27.00% Mg, which could be recycled after cropping.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Treatment
- LRBFe0
- Outcome
- positive balancee0
- Value
- 46.00% P, 28.00% K, 20.00% Ca and 27.00% Mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pineapple”
e0“A positive balance of P, K, Ca and Mg was recorded for LRBF, 46.00% P, 28.00% K, 20.00% Ca and 27.00% Mg”
Claim · model-written summary
LRRF had a positive balance of P, K and Ca.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Treatment
- LRRFe0
- Outcome
- positive balancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pineapple”
e0“In the case of LRRF, a positive balance ofP, K and Ca was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
About 60.00% P, 20.00% K, 13.00% Ca and 36.47% Mg are recycled for LRRF.
- Taxon
- PineappleAnanas comosust0
- Treatment
- LRRFe0
- Outcome
- recyclede0
- Value
- 60.00%P, 20.00% K, 13.00% Ca and 36.47% Mge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pineapple”
e0“About 60.00%P, 20.00% K, 13.00% Ca and 36.47% Mg get recycled for LRRF”