Abstract
The germination of Rumex acetosella L. s.l. was studied in the laboratory and in nature. The proportion of dormant seeds was 46-99%. Seeds buried in nylon gauze bags in forest humus and peat remained dormant and viable up to 14 1/2 years. When kept on continuously moist quartz sand in the laboratory, the seeds remained dormant for at least 5 years. Germination was induced in dormant seeds by drying and remoistening. The lower the relative humidity during drying, the higher was the germination rate. Fluctuating temperatures (8h +30° or +22°C/16 h +5° or +10°C for 7 cy cles) promoted germination much less effectively (0.65%) than drying and remoistening (17.0%). Germination of dry seeds was greatly increased by heating to +80°C for 1-3 hours. On rock outcrops in South Finland, prolonged (1-2 months') droughts killed the vegetative parts of most vascu lar plants growing on the shallow soil, but after the first rains abundant seedlings of R. acetosella rapidly appeared. This was evidently due to drying-induced germination seeds lying dormant in the soil. This germi nation ecology enables R. acetosella to recolonize rocky areas where other species have been killed by drought. The occurrence of R. acetosella on soils earlier cultivated by burn-beating is discussed.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of dormant seeds of Rumex acetosella was 46-99%.
- Taxon
- Rumex acetosella
Rumex acetosellat0 - Organ / stage
- seedse1
- Outcome
- proportion of dormant seedse1
- Value
- 46-99%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination ecology and survival strategy of Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) on drought-exposed rock outcrops in South Finland”
e1“The proportion of dormant seeds was 46-99%”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds buried in forest humus and peat remained dormant and viable for up to 14 1/2 years.
- Taxon
- Rumex acetosellaRumex acetosellat0
- Organ / stage
- Seedse2
- Treatment
- buried in nylon gauze bags in forest humus and peate2
- Outcome
- remained dormant and viablee2
- Value
- 14 1/2 yearse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination ecology and survival strategy of Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) on drought-exposed rock outcrops in South Finland”
e2“Seeds buried in nylon gauze bags in forest humus and peat remained dormant and viable up to 14 1/2 years”
Claim · model-written summary
Seeds kept on moist quartz sand in the laboratory remained dormant for at least 5 years.
- Taxon
- Rumex acetosellaRumex acetosellat0
- Organ / stage
- seedse3
- Treatment
- continuously moist quartz sande3
- Outcome
- remained dormante3
- Value
- at least 5 yearse3
- Setting
- laboratorye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination ecology and survival strategy of Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) on drought-exposed rock outcrops in South Finland”
e3“When kept on continuously moist quartz sand in the laboratory, the seeds remained dormant for at least 5 years”
Claim · model-written summary
Drying and remoistening induced germination of dormant seeds.
- Taxon
- Rumex acetosellaRumex acetosellat0
- Organ / stage
- dormant seedse4
- Treatment
- drying and remoisteninge4
- Outcome
- Germinatione4
- Direction
- inducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination ecology and survival strategy of Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) on drought-exposed rock outcrops in South Finland”
e4“Germination was induced in dormant seeds by drying and remoistening”
Claim · model-written summary
A lower relative humidity during drying was associated with a higher germination rate.
- Taxon
- Rumex acetosellaRumex acetosellat0
- Treatment
- lower the relative humidity during dryinge5
- Outcome
- germination ratee5
- Direction
- highere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination ecology and survival strategy of Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) on drought-exposed rock outcrops in South Finland”
e5“The lower the relative humidity during drying, the higher was the germination rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluctuating temperatures promoted germination much less effectively (0.65%) than drying and remoistening (17.0%).
- Taxon
- Rumex acetosellaRumex acetosellat0
- Treatment
- Fluctuating temperatures (8h +30° or +22°C/16 h +5° or +10°C for 7 cy cles)e6
- Outcome
- germinatione6
- Direction
- less effectivelye6
- Value
- 0.65%e6
- Qualifier
- 17.0%e6
- Comparator
- drying and remoisteninge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination ecology and survival strategy of Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) on drought-exposed rock outcrops in South Finland”
e6“Fluctuating temperatures (8h +30° or +22°C/16 h +5° or +10°C for 7 cy cles) promoted germination much less effectively (0.65%) than drying and remoistening (17.0%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heating dry seeds to +80°C for 1-3 hours greatly increased their germination.
- Taxon
- Rumex acetosellaRumex acetosellat0
- Treatment
- heating to +80°C for 1-3 hourse7
- Outcome
- Germination of dry seedse7
- Direction
- greatly increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination ecology and survival strategy of Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) on drought-exposed rock outcrops in South Finland”
e7“Germination of dry seeds was greatly increased by heating to +80°C for 1-3 hours”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged droughts killed the vegetative parts of most vascular plants growing on shallow soil.
- Taxon
- vascular plantsTracheophytae1
- Treatment
- prolonged (1-2 months') droughtse1
- Outcome
- killed the vegetative partse1
Verbatim
e1“prolonged (1-2 months') droughts killed the vegetative parts of most vascular plants growing on the shallow soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings of R. acetosella rapidly appeared after the first rains.
- Taxon
- R. acetosellaRumex acetosellae1
- Outcome
- seedlingse1
- Qualifier
- after the first rainse1
- Setting
- South Finlandt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination ecology and survival strategy of Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) on drought-exposed rock outcrops in South Finland”
e1“after the first rains abundant seedlings of R. acetosella rapidly appeared”
Claim · model-written summary
The germination ecology is proposed to enable R. acetosella to recolonize rocky areas where other species were killed by drought.
- Taxon
- R. acetosellaRumex acetosellae1
- Outcome
- recolonize rocky arease1
- Qualifier
- germination ecologye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Germination ecology and survival strategy of Rumex acetosella (Polygonaceae) on drought-exposed rock outcrops in South Finland”
e1“This germination ecology enables R. acetosella to recolonize rocky areas where other species have been killed by drought”