Abstract
Planting date plays a significant role in determining soybean growth, development and seed yield. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of late planting date, management system, and maturity group on the growth, development and seed yield of maturity group VII and VIII soybean under dry land conditions in the Southeastern coastal plain of the United States. Plant growth and development, seed yield, yield components, and seed oil and protein concentrations were evaluated throughout the season. These experiments were conducted in South Carolina at the Edisto Research and Education Center near Blackville and the Pee Dee Research and Education Center near Florence. Soybean was planted at four weekly intervals starting on 15-June in both 2011 and 2012. Pioneer 97M50 (a MG VII determinate variety) and Prichard Roundup Ready (a MG VIII determinate variety) were selected based on their adaptation to the Southeast. The two management systems were: a strip-till (ST) system using a John Deere MaxEmerge Vaccum planter + Unverferth 300 strip till with 96-cm row spacing and a drilled no-till (NT) planting system with 19-cm row spacing. Plant growth was evaluated based on leaf area index (LAI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and plant height (HT). Plant development was calculated based on the duration (days) of growth stages. Growth stages were recorded weekly from 10 randomly selected plants in each plot. The beginning of each stage was determined when at least 50% of plants were at that stage. Overall, planting after 22 June appeared to reduce seed yield. The ST system increased the seed yield compared to the drilled NT system. Yields were greater for the MG VIII variety than the MG VII variety. LAI, NDVI, and HT at R2 and R4 were generally reduced with delayed planting dates. Later planting shortened the duration of both vegetative and reproductive growth stages for both MG VII and VIII soybeans. Shortened duration of vegetative growth and seed filling period might have contributed most to the lower yields observed in delayed planting dates. Planting date did not affect either protein or oil concentration. Protein concentration in the seed was found to be significantly higher and oil concentration lower in soybean grown in the ST system than in the drilled NT system. Positive correlations were found between: seed yield and LAI, NDVI, and HT at R2 and R4; seed yield and duration of vegetative and seed filling growth period; and seed yield and dry weight of each plant part (branches, stems, petioles, leaves, and pods).
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Planting after 22 June reduced soybean seed yield.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- planting after 22 Junee0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, planting after 22 June appeared to reduce seed yield”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip till increased seed yield relative to drilled no till.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- ST systeme0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- drilled NT systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ST system increased the seed yield compared to the drilled NT system”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
MG VIII yielded more than MG VII.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- MG VIII varietye0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- MG VII varietye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields were greater for the MG VIII variety than the MG VII variety”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed planting generally reduced LAI, NDVI and plant height at R2 and R4.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- R2 and R4e0
- Treatment
- delayed planting datese0
- Outcome
- LAI, NDVI, and HTe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“LAI, NDVI, and HT at R2 and R4 were generally reduced with delayed planting dates”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Later planting shortened vegetative growth duration for both maturity groups.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Material
- MG VII and VIIIe0
- Treatment
- Later plantinge0
- Outcome
- duration of both vegetative and reproductive growth stagese0
- Direction
- shortenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Later planting shortened the duration of both vegetative and reproductive growth stages for both MG VII and VIII soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting date did not affect seed protein or oil concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Planting datee0
- Outcome
- protein or oil concentratione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting date did not affect either protein or oil concentration”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip till increased seed protein concentration relative to drilled no till.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- ST systeme0
- Outcome
- Protein concentration in the seede0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- drilled NT systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Protein concentration in the seed was found to be significantly higher and oil concentration lower in soybean grown in the ST system than in the drilled NT system”
Claim · model-written summary
Strip till reduced seed oil concentration relative to drilled no till.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- ST systeme0
- Outcome
- oil concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- drilled NT systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oil concentration lower in soybean grown in the ST system than in the drilled NT system”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield correlated positively with LAI, NDVI and height at R2 and R4.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- R2 and R4e0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- Positivee0
- Qualifier
- LAI, NDVI, and HTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Positive correlations were found between: seed yield and LAI, NDVI, and HT at R2 and R4”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield correlated positively with vegetative and seed filling duration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative and seed filling growth periode0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed yield and duration of vegetative and seed filling growth period”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield correlated positively with dry weights of branches, stems, petioles, leaves and pods.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- branches, stems, petioles, leaves, and podse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed yield and dry weight of each plant part (branches, stems, petioles, leaves, and pods)”
t0“soybean”
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