Abstract
The effect of N-(4-chlorophenyl) maleimide(CPMI), plant growth regulators, and alkylating agents on gluathione(GSH) content and glutathione S-transferase(GST) activity was examined with 3-day-old etiolated sorghum(Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) seedlings. The GSH content and GST activity of untreated seedlings were higher in shoots than that in roots. Response of GST activity in coleoptile was significantly greater than in other tissues of sorghum seedling. In CPMI-treated seedlings, GSH content was not significantly different from that in untreated seedlings. CPM treatment resulted in 2.3-fold increase in GST activity measured with metolachlor as substrate in the coleoptile region. In contrast, change in GST activity measured with metolachlor as substrate in the coleoptile region. In contrast, change in GST activity measured with 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene did not occur. The increase of GST activity was caused by induction of a GST isozyme, which is substrate-specific to metolachlor. Subsequently, two hypotheses related to metolachlor detoxification were evaluated on the basis of regulation of plant growth regulators and substrate induction of GST activity. In coleoptile, GST activity measured with metolachior was increased to 2.1-and 3.4-fold by both 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) and metolachlor treated at the germination stage of sorghum, respectively. Treatments of 2.4-D and metolachlor also induced isozymes exhibiting the activity toward metolachlor. One of the isozymes was co-eluted with that induced by CPMI. These results indicated that increase in GST activity by CPMI may be partially related to auxin regulation and substrate induction.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated sorghum shoots had higher GSH and GST than roots.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The GSH content and GST activity of untreated seedlings were higher in shoots than that in roots”
e1“sorghum(Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The coleoptile GST response exceeded other tissues.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Response of GST activity in coleoptile was significantly greater than in other tissues of sorghum seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
CPMI did not significantly alter seedling GSH content.
- Treatment
- CPMIe0
- Outcome
- GSH contente0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- untreated seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In CPMI-treated seedlings, GSH content was not significantly different from that in untreated seedlings”
e1“sorghum(Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
CPM increased metolachlor-assayed coleoptile GST activity 2.3-fold.
- Organ / stage
- coleoptile regione0
- Treatment
- CPM treatmente0
- Outcome
- GST activitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2.3-folde0
- Qualifier
- metolachlor as substratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CPM treatment resulted in 2.3-fold increase in GST activity measured with metolachlor as substrate in the coleoptile region”
e1“sorghum(Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The alternate substrate assay showed no GST change.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“change in GST activity measured with 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene did not occur”
e1“sorghum(Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) seedlings”
e2“In CPMI-treated seedlings, GSH content was not significantly different from that in untreated seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
CPMI induced a metolachlor-specific GST isozyme.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase of GST activity was caused by induction of a GST isozyme, which is substrate-specific to metolachlor”
e1“sorghum(Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D raised metolachlor-assayed coleoptile GST activity 2.1-fold.
- Organ / stage
- germination stagee0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D)e0
- Outcome
- GST activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.1-e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GST activity measured with metolachior was increased to 2.1-and 3.4-fold by both 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) and metolachlor treated at the germination stage of sorghum, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor raised coleoptile GST activity 3.4-fold.
- Organ / stage
- germination stagee0
- Treatment
- metolachlore0
- Outcome
- GST activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3.4-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GST activity measured with metolachior was increased to 2.1-and 3.4-fold by both 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) and metolachlor treated at the germination stage of sorghum, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D and metolachlor induced GST isozymes active toward metolachlor.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments of 2.4-D and metolachlor also induced isozymes exhibiting the activity toward metolachlor”
e1“sorghum(Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
One induced isozyme co-eluted with the CPMI-induced isozyme.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“One of the isozymes was co-eluted with that induced by CPMI”
e1“sorghum(Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
metolachlor · molecular: metabolites · SorghumResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.