Abstract
An experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1988-89 and 1989-90 to study herbicide and fertilizer compatibility forweed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under different levels of nitrogen and methods of seedbed preparation. Four methods of isoproturon (1.0 kg/ha) application were spray pre-emergence, post-emergence, broadcast as mixture with superphosphate basal at pre-emergence stage and with urea top·dressed at post-emergence stage; and 3 levels of N were 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha. Isoproturon @ 1.0 kg/ha as pre-emergence spray effectively controlled small canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.) and annual broad-leaf weeds, viz scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis L.), lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), toothed medick (Medicago hispida Gaertn.), sweet clover (Melilotus alba Medikus), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and corn spurry (Spergula arvensis L.). It showed weed-control efficiency 64%, followed by isoprouron post-emergence spray (57%), isoproturon +urea top-dressed (49%) and isoproturon + superphosphate ( 41 %). The weed-control efficiency increased under stale seedbed (34%) compared with normal seedbed. An increase in N level (60-120 kg/ha) also increased the weed-control efficiency (11-21 %) and reduced the weed biomass (11-21 %). The grain yield (4 270 kg/ha) and net profit (Rs 7 369) were higher under stale seedbed and with increase in N level. The mean yield under different isoproturon treatments (4252-4321 kg/ha) was at par with that under hand-weeding (4 222 kg/ha) but significantly superior to weedy control (3 667 kg/ha), and hence proved economical. The benefit: cost ratio with isoproturon was higher (2.53-2.58) than that with hand-weeding (2.19) and weedy control (2.44).
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence isoproturon effectively controlled the listed weeds.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Isoproturon @ 1.0 kg/ha as pre-emergence spraye0
- Interactor
- Phalaris minor Retz.
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore0weed - Outcome
- small canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.) and annual broad-leaf weedse0
- Direction
- effectively controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Isoproturon @ 1.0 kg/ha as pre-emergence spray effectively controlled small canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.) and annual broad-leaf weeds”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-emergence isoproturon achieved 64% weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- weed-control efficiencye0
- Value
- 64%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It showed weed-control efficiency 64%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-emergence isoproturon spray achieved 57% weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoprouron post-emergence spraye0
- Outcome
- weed-control efficiencye0
- Value
- 57%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It showed weed-control efficiency 64%, followed by isoprouron post-emergence spray (57%)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon plus urea top dressing achieved 49% weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoproturon +urea top-dressede0
- Outcome
- weed-control efficiencye0
- Value
- 49%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It showed weed-control efficiency 64%, followed by isoprouron post-emergence spray (57%), isoproturon +urea top-dressed (49%)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon plus superphosphate achieved 41% weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoproturon + superphosphatee0
- Outcome
- weed-control efficiencye0
- Value
- 41 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It showed weed-control efficiency 64%, followed by isoprouron post-emergence spray (57%), isoproturon +urea top-dressed (49%) and isoproturon + superphosphate ( 41 %)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Stale seedbeds increased weed control efficiency compared with normal seedbeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- stale seedbede0
- Outcome
- weed-control efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34%e0
- Comparator
- normal seedbede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The weed-control efficiency increased under stale seedbed (34%) compared with normal seedbed.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen level increased weed control efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N level (60-120 kg/ha)e0
- Outcome
- weed-control efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11-21 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in N level (60-120 kg/ha) also increased the weed-control efficiency (11-21 %)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen level reduced weed biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N level (60-120 kg/ha)e0
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11-21 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in N level (60-120 kg/ha) also increased the weed-control efficiency (11-21 %) and reduced the weed biomass (11-21 %).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Stale seedbeds and increased nitrogen produced higher grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- stale seedbed and with increase in N levele0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4 270 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield (4 270 kg/ha) and net profit (Rs 7 369) were higher under stale seedbed and with increase in N level.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Stale seedbeds and increased nitrogen produced higher net profit.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- stale seedbed and with increase in N levele0
- Outcome
- net profite0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- Rs 7 369e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield (4 270 kg/ha) and net profit (Rs 7 369) were higher under stale seedbed and with increase in N level.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon treatment yields were comparable to hand weeding.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- different isoproturon treatmentse0
- Outcome
- mean yielde0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Value
- 4252-4321 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 4 222 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- hand-weedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean yield under different isoproturon treatments (4252-4321 kg/ha) was at par with that under hand-weeding (4 222 kg/ha)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon treatments yielded significantly more than the weedy control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- different isoproturon treatmentse0
- Outcome
- mean yielde0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Qualifier
- 3 667 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- weedy controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean yield under different isoproturon treatments (4252-4321 kg/ha) was at par with that under hand-weeding (4 222 kg/ha) but significantly superior to weedy control (3 667 kg/ha)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Isoproturon had higher benefit:cost ratios than hand weeding and weedy control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- isoproturone0
- Outcome
- benefit: cost ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.53-2.58e0
- Comparator
- hand-weeding (2.19) and weedy control (2.44)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The benefit: cost ratio with isoproturon was higher (2.53-2.58) than that with hand-weeding (2.19) and weedy control (2.44).”
t0“wheat”
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