Abstract
There was no significant difference in the final germination percentages(Experiment 1-3) as affected by sunflower root exudates between the control and the treated for the test species. In general(Experiment 1), however, germination onset was delayed the treated bottles. Germination rate was, also, reduced for both radish(Raphanus sativus L.) and rice(Oryza sativa L.). Therefore, the germination index was low in the treated bottles but germination gradually increased with time in the greated bottles in all test species so that the final germination percentages were similar between treatments. The root exudates of sunflower had significant inhibitory effects(Experiment 1-3) on the lengths of the shoots and roots of all the test species. Fresh weight was also significantly reduced in all test species. Sunflower seedlings(Experiment 3) in the treated(with the XAD-4 resin column) were larger and healthier than those in the control (without XAD-4 resin column) because of the removal of allelochemicals. The fresh weight of sunflower seedlings was markedly inhibited by sunflower root exudates. These mean that sunflower probably is an autotoxic crop.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower root exudates did not significantly change final germination percentages of test species.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- sunflower root exudatese0
- Outcome
- final germination percentagese0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference in the final germination percentages(Experiment 1-3) as affected by sunflower root exudates between the control and the treated for the test species”
t0“Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower root exudates delayed germination onset in treated bottles.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- sunflower root exudatest0
- Outcome
- germination onsete0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination onset was delayed the treated bottles”
t0“Sunflower Root Exudates”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower root exudates reduced radish germination rate.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Treatment
- Sunflower Root Exudatest0
- Outcome
- Germination ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination rate was, also, reduced for both radish(Raphanus sativus L.) and rice(Oryza sativa L.)”
t0“Sunflower Root Exudates”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower root exudates reduced rice germination rate.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Sunflower Root Exudatest0
- Outcome
- Germination ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination rate was, also, reduced for both radish(Raphanus sativus L.) and rice(Oryza sativa L.)”
t0“Sunflower Root Exudates”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower root exudates significantly inhibited shoot and root lengths across test species.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- root exudates of sunflowere0
- Outcome
- lengths of the shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root exudates of sunflower had significant inhibitory effects(Experiment 1-3) on the lengths of the shoots and roots of all the test species”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower root exudates significantly reduced fresh weight across test species.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Sunflower Root Exudatest0
- Outcome
- Fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fresh weight was also significantly reduced in all test species”
t0“Sunflower Root Exudates”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower seedlings exposed to an XAD-4 resin column were larger and healthier than controls.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- XAD-4 resin columne0
- Outcome
- larger and healthiere0
- Direction
- largere0
- Comparator
- control (without XAD-4 resin column)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower seedlings(Experiment 3) in the treated(with the XAD-4 resin column) were larger and healthier than those in the control (without XAD-4 resin column)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower root exudates markedly inhibited sunflower seedling fresh weight.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- sunflower root exudatese0
- Outcome
- fresh weight of sunflower seedlingse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fresh weight of sunflower seedlings was markedly inhibited by sunflower root exudates”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer sunflower is probably an autotoxic crop.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- autotoxic crope0
- Qualifier
- probablye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These mean that sunflower probably is an autotoxic crop”
The same questions in other papers
allelopathy · growth · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →allelopathy · growth · Raphanus sativus (radish)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →allelopathy · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.