Abstract
No-tillage cultivation of rice was evaluated in direct seeding on flooded paddy surface from 1993 to 1997. This study was conducted to examine the changes in weed occurrence, rice growth and yield during the no-tillage cultivation, and to clarify critical year limit for the no-tillage cultivation. In tillage paddy fields, Echinochloa crus-galli, Aneilema keisak Hassk., Monochoria vaginalis, Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi, and Polygonum hydropiper, etc. mainly emerged, whereas Echinochloa crus-galli, Aneilema keisak Hassk., Monochoria vaginalis, Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi, Alopecurus aequalis Sobol., Leersia japonica Makino, Sagittaria pygmaea Miq., Sagittaria trifolia L., Ottelia alismoides, and Potamogeton distinctus, etc. were the mainly occurring weed species in no-tillage paddy fields. Although eleven weed species emerged they tended to become simplified as the duration of no-tillage cultivation was increased. The most dominant weed species changed from Aneilema keisak Hassk. to Leersia japonica Makino in no-tillage paddy fields as the duration of no-tillage cultivation increased. In tillage paddy fields, however, Echinochloa crus-galli was the most dominant weed species. The number of the seedling stands in no-tillage paddy fields was 40-60 per and was lower than that in tillage paddy fields (79-92 per ). Dissolved oxygen and water depth in the paddy fields were the factors influencing the number of seedling stands. Rice plants in no-tillage paddy fields had a lower number of panicles than those in tillage paddy fields, but ripening rate, 1,000 grain weight and number of spikelets per panicle were similar. Rice plants in no-tillage paddy fields exhibited about 24% lower yield than those in tillage paddy fields when the plants were cultivated following 2 years of no-tillage cultivation. Regression equations between yield (y) and duration of no-tillage cultivation (x) can be obtained as follows, y = -58.6x + 525.0 () for direct seeding on flooded paddy surface. Considering that growth characteristics at late growth stage and yield of rice plants, critical year limit for no-tillage rice cultivation was found to be 1 year for direct seeding on flooded paddy surface
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Weed species became fewer (simplified) as the duration of no-tillage cultivation increased.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- duration of no-tillage cultivatione1
- Outcome
- weed speciese1
- Direction
- simplifiede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ecological Variation of Rice and Weeds”
e1“Although eleven weed species emerged they tended to become simplified as the duration of no-tillage cultivation was increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The most dominant weed changed from Aneilema keisak Hassk. to Leersia japonica Makino as the duration of no-tillage cultivation increased.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- duration of no-tillage cultivatione2
- Interactor
- Aneilema keisak Hassk.
Murdannia keisake2weed - Second interactor
- Leersia japonica Makino
Leersia japonicae2weed - Outcome
- most dominant weed speciese2
- Direction
- changede2
- Setting
- no-tillage paddy fieldse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ecological Variation of Rice and Weeds”
e2“The most dominant weed species changed from Aneilema keisak Hassk. to Leersia japonica Makino in no-tillage paddy fields as the duration of no-tillage cultivation increased”
Claim · model-written summary
In tillage paddy fields, Echinochloa crus-galli was the most dominant weed.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa crus-gallie3weed - Outcome
- most dominant weed speciese3
- Setting
- tillage paddy fieldse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ecological Variation of Rice and Weeds”
e3“In tillage paddy fields, however, Echinochloa crus-galli was the most dominant weed species”
Claim · model-written summary
Several weed species listed in the paper were the mainly occurring weeds in no-tillage paddy fields.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- mainly occurring weed speciese4
- Setting
- no-tillage paddy fieldse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ecological Variation of Rice and Weeds”
e4“were the mainly occurring weed species in no-tillage paddy fields”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of seedling stands in no-tillage paddy fields was 40-60 per, lower than in tillage paddy fields (79-92 per).
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- no-tillage paddy fieldse5
- Outcome
- number of the seedling standse5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- 40-60 pere5
- Qualifier
- 79-92 pere5
- Comparator
- tillage paddy fieldse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ecological Variation of Rice and Weeds”
e5“The number of the seedling stands in no-tillage paddy fields was 40-60 per and was lower than that in tillage paddy fields (79-92 per )”
Claim · model-written summary
Dissolved oxygen and water depth were factors influencing the number of seedling stands.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Dissolved oxygen and water depthe6
- Outcome
- number of seedling standse6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ecological Variation of Rice and Weeds”
e6“Dissolved oxygen and water depth in the paddy fields were the factors influencing the number of seedling stands”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice plants in no-tillage paddy fields had a lower number of panicles than those in tillage paddy fields.
- Taxon
- Rice plantsOryza sativae7
- Treatment
- no-tillage paddy fieldse7
- Outcome
- number of paniclese7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Comparator
- tillage paddy fieldse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ecological Variation of Rice and Weeds”
e7“Rice plants in no-tillage paddy fields had a lower number of panicles than those in tillage paddy fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Ripening rate, 1,000 grain weight and number of spikelets per panicle were similar in no-tillage and tillage paddy fields.
- Taxon
- Rice plantsOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- no-tillage paddy fieldse1
- Outcome
- ripening rate, 1,000 grain weight and number of spikelets per paniclee1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- tillage paddy fieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rice plants in no-tillage paddy fields had a lower number of panicles than those in tillage paddy fields, but ripening rate, 1,000 grain weight and number of spikelets per panicle were similar”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice in no-tillage paddy fields had about 24% lower yield than in tillage paddy fields after 2 years of no-tillage cultivation.
- Taxon
- Rice plantsOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- 2 years of no-tillage cultivatione1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- about 24%e1
- Comparator
- tillage paddy fieldse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Rice plants in no-tillage paddy fields exhibited about 24% lower yield than those in tillage paddy fields when the plants were cultivated following 2 years of no-tillage cultivation”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield declined with the duration of no-tillage cultivation under direct seeding on flooded paddy surface, following y = -58.6x + 525.0.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- duration of no-tillage cultivatione1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- y = -58.6x + 525.0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Ecological Variation of Rice and Weeds”
e1“Regression equations between yield (y) and duration of no-tillage cultivation (x) can be obtained as follows, y = -58.6x + 525.0 () for direct seeding on flooded paddy surface”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical year limit for no-tillage rice cultivation under direct seeding on flooded paddy surface was found to be 1 year.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- critical year limit for no-tillage rice cultivatione1
- Value
- 1 yeare1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“critical year limit for no-tillage rice cultivation was found to be 1 year for direct seeding on flooded paddy surface”
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