Abstract
This study investigated the environmental factors and conducted a RAPD analysis for a better understanding of the environmental characteristics and regional genetic variation in samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca. The habitats are mostly located on the slopes of mountains facing north at an altitude ranging from 614 m to 1,462 m above sea level with angles of inclination ranging from 3 degrees to 30 degrees. A total of 268 vascular plant taxa are identified in 35 quadrates of 18 habitats. The importance value of V. diamantiaca is 11.58%, and four highly ranked species, Sasa borealis (5.61%), Meehania urticifolia (5.21%), Ainsliaea acerifolia (3.62%), Pseudostellaria palibiniana (3.60%) are considered to have an affinity with V. diamantiaca in their habitats. The degree of their average species diversity is 1.36, while this metric for their evenness and dominance are 0.89 and 0.07, respectively. The average field capacity of the soil is 25.99%, with organic matter at 17.47%, and the pH is 5.19. The soil texture was confirmed as sandy loam of eleven and loam of seven. The result of the RAPD analysis, among 78 bands amplified with a primer, 64 (84.6%) showed polymorphism. Eighteen populations could be classified into five groups with similarity coefficient values ranging from 0.53 to 0.86. The Mt. Jiri population, which is geographically segregated, shows basal branching within the 18 populations. Five populations, including two in the southern district in Gangwon-do and three in Chungcheongbuk-do, form a distinct clade. Four populations in the central district of Gangwon-do and Mt. Bohyeon in the Gyeongsangbuk-do clade form a sister to the clade containing two populations in Gyeonggi-do and five populations of the northern district in Gangwon-do. The Mt. Gariwang population is placed between the southern district and the central district in the Gangwon-do clades.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 268 vascular plant taxa were identified in 35 quadrates of 18 habitats.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- vascular plant taxae1
- Value
- 268e1
- Setting
- 35 quadrates of 18 habitatse1
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e1“A total of 268 vascular plant taxa are identified in 35 quadrates of 18 habitats”
Claim · model-written summary
The importance value of Viola diamantiaca is 11.58 percent.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- importance valuee2
- Value
- 11.58%e2
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e2“The importance value of V. diamantiaca is 11.58%”
Claim · model-written summary
Sasa borealis has an affinity with Viola diamantiaca habitats, with an importance value of 5.61 percent.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- importance valuee2
- Value
- 5.61%e3
- Qualifier
- Sasa borealise3
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e2“The importance value of V. diamantiaca is 11.58%”
e3“four highly ranked species, Sasa borealis (5.61%), Meehania urticifolia (5.21%), Ainsliaea acerifolia (3.62%), Pseudostellaria palibiniana (3.60%) are considered to have an affinity with V. diamantiaca in their habitats”
Claim · model-written summary
Meehania urticifolia has an affinity with Viola diamantiaca habitats, with an importance value of 5.21 percent.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- importance valuee2
- Value
- 5.21%e3
- Qualifier
- Meehania urticifoliae3
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e2“The importance value of V. diamantiaca is 11.58%”
e3“four highly ranked species, Sasa borealis (5.61%), Meehania urticifolia (5.21%), Ainsliaea acerifolia (3.62%), Pseudostellaria palibiniana (3.60%) are considered to have an affinity with V. diamantiaca in their habitats”
Claim · model-written summary
Ainsliaea acerifolia has an affinity with Viola diamantiaca habitats, with an importance value of 3.62 percent.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- importance valuee2
- Value
- 3.62%e3
- Qualifier
- Ainsliaea acerifoliae3
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e2“The importance value of V. diamantiaca is 11.58%”
e3“four highly ranked species, Sasa borealis (5.61%), Meehania urticifolia (5.21%), Ainsliaea acerifolia (3.62%), Pseudostellaria palibiniana (3.60%) are considered to have an affinity with V. diamantiaca in their habitats”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudostellaria palibiniana has an affinity with Viola diamantiaca habitats, with an importance value of 3.60 percent.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- importance valuee2
- Value
- 3.60%e3
- Qualifier
- Pseudostellaria palibinianae3
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e2“The importance value of V. diamantiaca is 11.58%”
e3“four highly ranked species, Sasa borealis (5.61%), Meehania urticifolia (5.21%), Ainsliaea acerifolia (3.62%), Pseudostellaria palibiniana (3.60%) are considered to have an affinity with V. diamantiaca in their habitats”
Claim · model-written summary
The average species diversity of the habitats is 1.36.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- average species diversitye4
- Value
- 1.36e4
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e4“The degree of their average species diversity is 1.36, while this metric for their evenness and dominance are 0.89 and 0.07, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The evenness of the habitats is 0.89.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- evennesse4
- Value
- 0.89e4
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e4“The degree of their average species diversity is 1.36, while this metric for their evenness and dominance are 0.89 and 0.07, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The dominance of the habitats is 0.07.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- dominancee4
- Value
- 0.07e4
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e4“The degree of their average species diversity is 1.36, while this metric for their evenness and dominance are 0.89 and 0.07, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The average field capacity of the soil is 25.99 percent.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- average field capacity of the soile5
- Value
- 25.99%e5
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e5“The average field capacity of the soil is 25.99%, with organic matter at 17.47%, and the pH is 5.19”
Claim · model-written summary
The soil organic matter of the habitats is 17.47 percent.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- organic mattere5
- Value
- 17.47%e5
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e5“The average field capacity of the soil is 25.99%, with organic matter at 17.47%, and the pH is 5.19”
Claim · model-written summary
The soil pH of the habitats is 5.19.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- pHe5
- Value
- 5.19e5
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e5“The average field capacity of the soil is 25.99%, with organic matter at 17.47%, and the pH is 5.19”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven habitats have sandy loam soil.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- soil texturee6
- Value
- elevene6
- Qualifier
- sandy loame6
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e6“The soil texture was confirmed as sandy loam of eleven and loam of seven”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven habitats have loam soil.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- soil texturee6
- Value
- sevene6
- Qualifier
- loame6
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e6“The soil texture was confirmed as sandy loam of eleven and loam of seven”
Claim · model-written summary
In the RAPD analysis, 84.6 percent of the bands were polymorphic.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- polymorphisme7
- Value
- 84.6%e7
- Qualifier
- 78 bands amplified with a primere7
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e7“among 78 bands amplified with a primer, 64 (84.6%) showed polymorphism”
Claim · model-written summary
The eighteen populations were classified into five groups with similarity coefficients from 0.53 to 0.86.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- similarity coefficient valuese1
- Value
- 0.53 to 0.86e1
- Qualifier
- classified into five groupse1
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e1“Eighteen populations could be classified into five groups with similarity coefficient values ranging from 0.53 to 0.86”
Claim · model-written summary
The Mt. Jiri population shows basal branching within the 18 populations.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Material
- Mt. Jiri populatione1
- Outcome
- basal branchinge1
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e1“The Mt. Jiri population, which is geographically segregated, shows basal branching within the 18 populations”
Claim · model-written summary
Five populations, including two in southern Gangwon-do and three in Chungcheongbuk-do, form a distinct clade.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Outcome
- distinct cladee1
- Qualifier
- two in the southern district in Gangwon-do and three in Chungcheongbuk-doe1
- Setting
- Gangwon-doe1
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e1“Five populations, including two in the southern district in Gangwon-do and three in Chungcheongbuk-do, form a distinct clade”
Claim · model-written summary
Four central Gangwon-do populations and Mt. Bohyeon form a sister clade to the clade of the Gyeonggi-do and northern Gangwon-do populations.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Material
- Mt. Bohyeone1
- Outcome
- sister to the cladee1
- Setting
- Gyeongsangbuk-doe1
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e1“Four populations in the central district of Gangwon-do and Mt. Bohyeon in the Gyeongsangbuk-do clade form a sister to the clade containing two populations in Gyeonggi-do and five populations of the northern district in Gangwon-do”
Claim · model-written summary
Mt. Gariwang population is placed between the southern and central Gangwon-do clades.
- Taxon
- Viola diamantiacaViola diamantiacae0
- Material
- Mt. Gariwang populatione1
- Outcome
- placed between the southern district and the central districte1
- Setting
- Gangwon-doe1
Verbatim
e0“samples from 18 different areas of Viola diamantiaca”
e1“The Mt. Gariwang population is placed between the southern district and the central district in the Gangwon-do clades”