Abstract
Xylem formation involves a series of processes, including cell division of the vascular cambium, xylem cell expansion, secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition, and programmed cell death (PCD). In this study, we identified AtMYB2, AtMYB48, and AtbHLH68 as key regulators of cambial cell proliferation and xylem differentiation in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of AtMYB2 decreases cambial cell numbers and increases xylem cell numbers, whereas loss of AtMYB2 results in the opposite phenotype, indicating that AtMYB2 negatively regulates cambial cell proliferation while positively regulating xylem cell differentiation during xylem formation. Both AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68 are direct targets of AtMYB2 and function as positive regulators of cambial cell proliferation and negative regulators of xylem differentiation. Single mutants of AtMYB48 or AtbHLH68 exhibit only mild phenotypic alterations, whereas the atmyb48 atbhlh68 double mutant displays enhanced defects in xylem development. Notably, overexpression of either gene alone is sufficient to rescue the double mutant phenotype, demonstrating functional redundancy between AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68. Although these two proteins can physically interact, this interaction is dispensable for their regulatory functions in xylem development. Despite their redundancy, AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68 exhibit distinct regulatory preferences in xylem differentiation: AtMYB48 primarily regulates genes associated with SCW deposition and PCD, whereas AtbHLH68 predominantly regulates genes involved in cambial cell proliferation. These findings reveal redundant and partially distinct functions of AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68 downstream of AtMYB2 and provide new insights into the transcriptional network controlling xylem formation.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of AtMYB2 decreases cambial cell numbers.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- Overexpression of AtMYB2e0
- Gene
- AtMYB2e0
- Outcome
- cambial cell numberse0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Overexpression of AtMYB2 decreases cambial cell numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of AtMYB2 increases xylem cell numbers.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of AtMYB2e0
- Gene
- AtMYB2e0
- Outcome
- xylem cell numberse0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Overexpression of AtMYB2 decreases cambial cell numbers and increases xylem cell numbers”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of AtMYB2 results in the opposite phenotype to overexpression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- loss of AtMYB2e0
- Gene
- AtMYB2e0
- Outcome
- phenotypee0
- Direction
- oppositee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“whereas loss of AtMYB2 results in the opposite phenotype”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that AtMYB2 negatively regulates cambial cell proliferation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtMYB2e0
- Outcome
- cambial cell proliferatione0
- Direction
- negatively regulatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“AtMYB2 negatively regulates cambial cell proliferation while positively regulating xylem cell differentiation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that AtMYB2 positively regulates xylem cell differentiation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtMYB2e0
- Outcome
- xylem cell differentiatione0
- Direction
- positively regulatinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“AtMYB2 negatively regulates cambial cell proliferation while positively regulating xylem cell differentiation”
Claim · model-written summary
AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68 are direct targets of AtMYB2.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68e0
- Outcome
- direct targets of AtMYB2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Both AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68 are direct targets of AtMYB2”
Claim · model-written summary
AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68 function as positive regulators of cambial cell proliferation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68e0
- Outcome
- cambial cell proliferatione0
- Direction
- positive regulatorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Both AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68 are direct targets of AtMYB2 and function as positive regulators of cambial cell proliferation and negative regulators of xylem differentiation”
Claim · model-written summary
AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68 function as negative regulators of xylem differentiation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68e0
- Outcome
- xylem differentiatione0
- Direction
- negative regulatorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Both AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68 are direct targets of AtMYB2 and function as positive regulators of cambial cell proliferation and negative regulators of xylem differentiation”
Claim · model-written summary
Single mutants of AtMYB48 or AtbHLH68 exhibit only mild phenotypic alterations.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- Single mutants of AtMYB48 or AtbHLH68e0
- Outcome
- mild phenotypic alterationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Single mutants of AtMYB48 or AtbHLH68 exhibit only mild phenotypic alterations”
Claim · model-written summary
The atmyb48 atbhlh68 double mutant displays enhanced defects in xylem development.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- atmyb48 atbhlh68 double mutante0
- Outcome
- defects in xylem developmente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“the atmyb48 atbhlh68 double mutant displays enhanced defects in xylem development”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of either AtMYB48 or AtbHLH68 alone rescues the double mutant phenotype, indicating functional redundancy.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- overexpression of either gene alonee0
- Gene
- AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68e0
- Outcome
- double mutant phenotypee0
- Direction
- rescuee0
- Comparator
- double mutante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“overexpression of either gene alone is sufficient to rescue the double mutant phenotype, demonstrating functional redundancy between AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68”
Claim · model-written summary
AtMYB48 and AtbHLH68 can physically interact, but this interaction is dispensable for their regulatory functions in xylem development.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- these two proteinse0
- Outcome
- regulatory functions in xylem developmente0
- Qualifier
- interaction is dispensablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Although these two proteins can physically interact, this interaction is dispensable for their regulatory functions in xylem development”
Claim · model-written summary
AtMYB48 primarily regulates genes associated with secondary cell wall deposition and programmed cell death.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtMYB48e0
- Outcome
- genes associated with SCW deposition and PCDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“AtMYB48 primarily regulates genes associated with SCW deposition and PCD”
Claim · model-written summary
AtbHLH68 predominantly regulates genes involved in cambial cell proliferation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- AtbHLH68e0
- Outcome
- genes involved in cambial cell proliferatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“AtbHLH68 predominantly regulates genes involved in cambial cell proliferation”