Abstract
ABSTRACT Improving photosynthetic efficiency is considered to be one of the most promising approaches for further boosting rice yield. However, the ecophysiological characteristics of high‐photosynthetic‐efficiency rice varieties, whether at the leaf or canopy level, remain poorly understood. In this work, the ecophysiological characteristics of high‐photosynthetic‐efficiency rice varieties at leaf and canopy levels, as well as their regulation by environmental factors, were investigated. Furthermore, approaches for further improving rice photosynthesis were discussed. We concluded that high‐photosynthetic‐efficiency rice varieties are characterized by specific leaf traits, including high Rubisco and nitrogen content, high stomatal density with large stomata, large intercellular airspaces and high chloroplast coverage, and thin cell walls. They also exhibit high leaf vein density, large vein diameter, and large root surface area and root diameter. In addition, they have erect and dark green leaves, more leaves in the lower canopy, and a high degree of light‐nitrogen matching in the canopy. Improving the response speed of rice photosynthesis to radiation changes, enhancing its adaptation to temperatures, increasing its tolerance to drought, and raising the CO 2 concentration can all effectively improve rice photosynthetic capacity. Increasing N input enhances high photosynthetic traits and promotes gas exchange. However, excessive N application decreases the N use efficiency (NUE) and causes a series of environmental problems. High NUE rice varieties should be bred to coordinately improve photosynthesis and protect the environment. This study provides a theoretical guidance for high‐photosynthetic‐efficiency rice breeding and cultivation.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
High efficiency rice varieties have high Rubisco and nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Gene
- Rubiscoe0
- Outcome
- high Rubisco and nitrogen contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high‐photosynthetic‐efficiency rice varieties are characterized by specific leaf traits, including high Rubisco and nitrogen content”
Claim · model-written summary
These rice varieties have high stomatal density with large stomata, large intercellular airspaces and high chloroplast coverage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- high stomatal density with large stomata, large intercellular airspaces and high chloroplast coveragee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high stomatal density with large stomata, large intercellular airspaces and high chloroplast coverage”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
These rice varieties have thin cell walls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- thin cell wallse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and thin cell walls”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
These rice varieties have high leaf vein density, large vein diameter, and large root surface area and root diameter.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- high leaf vein density, large vein diameter, and large root surface area and root diametere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“They also exhibit high leaf vein density, large vein diameter, and large root surface area and root diameter”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
These varieties have erect, dark green leaves and more leaves in the lower canopy.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- erect and dark green leaves, more leaves in the lower canopye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they have erect and dark green leaves, more leaves in the lower canopy”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
These varieties show strong light and nitrogen matching in the canopy.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- high degree of light‐nitrogen matching in the canopye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a high degree of light‐nitrogen matching in the canopy”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Improving rice photosynthetic response speed to radiation changes can improve photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Improving the response speed of rice photosynthesis to radiation changese0
- Outcome
- rice photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Improving the response speed of rice photosynthesis to radiation changes, enhancing its adaptation to temperatures, increasing its tolerance to drought, and raising the CO 2 concentration can all effectively improve rice photosynthetic capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhancing rice adaptation to temperatures can improve photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- enhancing its adaptation to temperaturese0
- Outcome
- rice photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhancing its adaptation to temperatures, increasing its tolerance to drought, and raising the CO 2 concentration can all effectively improve rice photosynthetic capacity”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing rice drought tolerance can improve photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing its tolerance to droughte0
- Outcome
- rice photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing its tolerance to drought, and raising the CO 2 concentration can all effectively improve rice photosynthetic capacity”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising CO 2 concentration can improve rice photosynthetic capacity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- raising the CO 2 concentratione0
- Outcome
- rice photosynthetic capacitye0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“raising the CO 2 concentration can all effectively improve rice photosynthetic capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen input enhanced high photosynthetic traits and gas exchange.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Increasing N inpute0
- Outcome
- enhances high photosynthetic traits and promotes gas exchangee0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing N input enhances high photosynthetic traits and promotes gas exchange”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen application decreases rice nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- excessive N applicatione0
- Outcome
- N use efficiency (NUE)e0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive N application decreases the N use efficiency (NUE)”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess nitrogen application causes environmental problems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- excessive N applicatione0
- Outcome
- a series of environmental problemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive N application decreases the N use efficiency (NUE) and causes a series of environmental problems”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend breeding high nitrogen use efficiency rice varieties to improve photosynthesis and protect the environment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- High NUE rice varieties should be bred to coordinately improve photosynthesis and protect the environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High NUE rice varieties should be bred to coordinately improve photosynthesis and protect the environment”