Abstract
Poplars are of global ecological importance, yet they rank among the most threatened trees worldwide. The rust pathogen Melampsora larici-populina Kleb. is an obligate biotroph the most devastating foliar pathogen of poplar, leading to great losses in biomass production. The understanding of host-pathogen interactions between poplar and rust across different disease stages remains limited. Here, we inoculated Populus cathayana and P. deltoides with M. larici-populina , examined their disease resistance responses over multiple infection time points, and compared the species-specific resistance strategies and associated physiological mechanisms. Results showed that antioxidant enzymes, phenolic substances and phytohormones were all increased after infection in P. cathayana , while, their changes in P. deltoides differed. Compared to P. cathayana , P. deltoides exhibited milder and more systematic disease resistance due to its higher basal levels of antioxidant substances and stronger systemic acquired resistance in uninfected leaves. P. cathayana continuously responded to the infection of rust, and inhibited the colonization of rust in the early stage of infection, but struggled to control rust proliferation and spread at the late stage. The difference in rust resistance between the two poplar species may be closely related to the joint action of ROS, NO and phytohormones, because P. deltoides is more sensitive to these signals. Upon rust infection, abscisic acid induced stomatal closure accompanied by NO synthesis to resist rust invasion. Our findings advance the knowledge of the resistance mechanisms of poplar to rust.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzymes, phenolic substances and phytohormones increased after rust infection in Populus cathayana.
- Taxon
- P. cathayanaPopulus cathayanae1
- Treatment
- infectione1
- Interactor
- Melampsora larici-populinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymes, phenolic substances and phytohormonese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“rust pathogen Melampsora larici-populina”
e1“antioxidant enzymes, phenolic substances and phytohormones were all increased after infection in P. cathayana”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in antioxidant enzymes, phenolic substances and phytohormones in Populus deltoides after infection differed from those in P. cathayana.
- Taxon
- P. deltoides
Populus deltoidese2 - Outcome
- changese2
- Qualifier
- differede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“while, their changes in P. deltoides differed”
Claim · model-written summary
Populus deltoides showed milder and more systematic disease resistance than P. cathayana.
- Taxon
- P. deltoidesPopulus deltoidese3
- Outcome
- disease resistancee3
- Qualifier
- milder and more systematice3
- Comparator
- P. cathayanae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Compared to P. cathayana, P. deltoides exhibited milder and more systematic disease resistance due to its higher basal levels of antioxidant substances and stronger systemic acquired resistance in uninfected leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Populus deltoides had higher basal levels of antioxidant substances than P. cathayana.
- Taxon
- P. deltoidesPopulus deltoidese3
- Outcome
- basal levels of antioxidant substancese3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- P. cathayanae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Compared to P. cathayana, P. deltoides exhibited milder and more systematic disease resistance due to its higher basal levels of antioxidant substances and stronger systemic acquired resistance in uninfected leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Populus deltoides showed stronger systemic acquired resistance in uninfected leaves than P. cathayana.
- Taxon
- P. deltoidesPopulus deltoidese3
- Organ / stage
- uninfected leavese3
- Outcome
- systemic acquired resistancee3
- Direction
- strongere3
- Comparator
- P. cathayanae3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Compared to P. cathayana, P. deltoides exhibited milder and more systematic disease resistance due to its higher basal levels of antioxidant substances and stronger systemic acquired resistance in uninfected leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Populus cathayana inhibited rust colonization in the early stage of infection.
Verbatim
e4“P. cathayana continuously responded to the infection of rust, and inhibited the colonization of rust in the early stage of infection, but struggled to control rust proliferation and spread at the late stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Populus cathayana struggled to control rust proliferation and spread at the late stage of infection.
- Taxon
- P. cathayanaPopulus cathayanae4
- Interactor
- ruste4pathogen
- Outcome
- rust proliferation and spreade4
- Qualifier
- at the late stagee4
Verbatim
e4“P. cathayana continuously responded to the infection of rust, and inhibited the colonization of rust in the early stage of infection, but struggled to control rust proliferation and spread at the late stage”
Claim · model-written summary
The rust resistance difference between the two poplar species may be closely related to the joint action of ROS, NO and phytohormones.
- Taxon
- P. deltoidesPopulus deltoidese5
- Compound
- ROS, NO and phytohormonese5
- Outcome
- rust resistancee5
- Qualifier
- joint actione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The difference in rust resistance between the two poplar species may be closely related to the joint action of ROS, NO and phytohormones, because P. deltoides is more sensitive to these signals”
Claim · model-written summary
Upon rust infection, abscisic acid induced stomatal closure accompanied by NO synthesis in Populus cathayana and P. deltoides.
Verbatim
t0“Populus cathayana and P. deltoides”
e6“Upon rust infection, abscisic acid induced stomatal closure accompanied by NO synthesis to resist rust invasion”