Abstract
BACKGROUND: Seed germination and early seedling establishment in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) are highly vulnerable to salinity stress. Seed priming has emerged as a potent and cost-effective strategy to enhance salt tolerance during these critical developmental stages. However, the physiological mechanisms through which melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MT) priming alleviates salt stress in triticale remain poorly understood. METHODS: In this study, four treatments were applied: CK (control), MT (melatonin priming without salt stress), S (non-primed seeds under salt stress), and MS (melatonin-primed seeds under salt stress). We comprehensively assessed the effects of MT priming on seed germination, seedling growth, photosynthetic performance, and key physiological indicators under saline conditions. RESULT: The results revealed that MT priming significantly increased the germination rate by 26.87% compared to non-primed seeds under salt stress. Moreover, seedling height and fresh weight in the MS treatment were significantly higher by 3.86% and 36.00%, respectively, than those in the S group. These enhancements were attributed to the upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, which effectively reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation and mitigated oxidative damage. Additionally, MT priming improved Na⁺/K⁺ homeostasis and stimulated the biosynthesis of osmoregulatory compounds such as soluble sugars and proteins. Notably, MT application also increased endogenous gibberellin levels while reducing abscisic acid content in both seeds and seedlings under salt stress. CONCLUSION: Melatonin alleviates the detrimental effects of salt stress on seed germination and seedling growth in triticale by modulating antioxidant defense, osmotic adjustment, and hormonal homeostasis.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin priming increased germination rate under salt stress by 26.87% versus nonprimed seeds.
- Taxon
- triticale
×Triticosecalet0 - Treatment
- MT priminge0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 26.87%e0
- Comparator
- non-primed seeds under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MT priming significantly increased the germination rate by 26.87% compared to non-primed seeds under salt stress”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin priming increased seedling height under salt stress by 3.86%.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- MS treatmente0
- Outcome
- seedling heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.86%e0
- Comparator
- S groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling height and fresh weight in the MS treatment were significantly higher by 3.86% and 36.00%, respectively, than those in the S group”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin priming increased fresh weight under salt stress by 36.00%.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- MS treatmente0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 36.00%e0
- Comparator
- S groupe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling height and fresh weight in the MS treatment were significantly higher by 3.86% and 36.00%, respectively, than those in the S group”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin priming upregulated superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- MT priminge1
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase and peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase and peroxidase”
e1“MT priming significantly increased the germination rate”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme upregulation reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase and peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, which effectively reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme upregulation mitigated oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase and peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, which effectively reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation and mitigated oxidative damage”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin priming improved sodium potassium homeostasis.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- MT priminge0
- Outcome
- Na⁺/K⁺ homeostasise0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MT priming improved Na⁺/K⁺ homeostasis”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin priming stimulated production of soluble sugars and proteins.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- MT priminge0
- Outcome
- biosynthesis of osmoregulatory compounds such as soluble sugars and proteinse0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MT priming improved Na⁺/K⁺ homeostasis and stimulated the biosynthesis of osmoregulatory compounds such as soluble sugars and proteins”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin increased endogenous gibberellin in seeds and seedlings under salt stress.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Organ / stage
- seeds and seedlingse0
- Treatment
- MT applicatione0
- Outcome
- endogenous gibberellin levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MT application also increased endogenous gibberellin levels while reducing abscisic acid content in both seeds and seedlings under salt stress”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Melatonin reduced abscisic acid content in seeds and seedlings under salt stress.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Organ / stage
- seeds and seedlingse0
- Treatment
- MT applicatione0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid contente0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MT application also increased endogenous gibberellin levels while reducing abscisic acid content in both seeds and seedlings under salt stress”
t0“triticale”
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