Abstract
Protoplasts are a valuable biotechnological tool for plant genetic improvement, yet efficient isolation and transformation systems with broad applicability across strawberry ( Fragaria vesca/ananassa ) species remain underdeveloped. Here, we developed an optimized protocol encompassing callus induction, suspension cell culture, and protoplast isolation and transformation derived from suspension cells, mesophyll cells and petals. Our results revealed maximal callus induction efficacy on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg · L -1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L -1 NAA, while optimal suspension cell growth was achieved by inoculating 1 g of yellowish, loose embryogenic callus into 40 mL of liquid medium. Peak protoplast yield and viability were achieved following enzymatic digestion (1.5% Cellulase R-10, 0.75% Macerozyme R-10, 0.5% Snailase, and 0.4 mol · L -1 D-mannitol) for 8 h (leaves and petals) and 10 h (suspension cells). Notably, we developed the universally applicable protoplast isolation system for strawberries spanning various ploidy levels and varieties. Transient transformation efficiency was optimized using 20 μg plasmid DNA and 40% PEG4000 for 20 min, enabling successful application in subcellular localization, protein-protein interaction, protein detection and assessment of U6 promoter-driven genome editing efficiency. This efficient, versatile, and time-saving protoplast-based system provides a powerful platform for diverse strawberry research applications, including somatic cell fusion, genome editing, functional genomics, and multi-omics analyses.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Maximal callus induction efficacy was reached on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA.
- Taxon
- Fragaria vesca/ananassa
Fragaria vescae0 - Organ / stage
- calluse1
- Treatment
- MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg · L -1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L -1 NAAe1
- Outcome
- callus induction efficacye1
- Direction
- maximale1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“across strawberry ( Fragaria vesca/ananassa ) species”
e1“Our results revealed maximal callus induction efficacy on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg · L -1 6-BA and 0.1 mg · L -1 NAA”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal suspension cell growth was achieved by inoculating 1 g of embryogenic callus into 40 mL of liquid medium.
- Taxon
- Fragaria vesca/ananassaFragaria vescae0
- Organ / stage
- embryogenic calluse2
- Treatment
- inoculating 1 g of yellowish, loose embryogenic callus into 40 mL of liquid mediume2
- Outcome
- suspension cell growthe2
- Direction
- optimale2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“across strawberry ( Fragaria vesca/ananassa ) species”
e2“optimal suspension cell growth was achieved by inoculating 1 g of yellowish, loose embryogenic callus into 40 mL of liquid medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Peak protoplast yield and viability from leaves and petals were reached after 8 h of enzymatic digestion.
- Taxon
- Fragaria vesca/ananassaFragaria vescae0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and petalse3
- Treatment
- enzymatic digestion (1.5% Cellulase R-10, 0.75% Macerozyme R-10, 0.5% Snailase, and 0.4 mol · L -1 D-mannitol)e3
- Outcome
- protoplast yield and viabilitye3
- Value
- 8 he3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“across strawberry ( Fragaria vesca/ananassa ) species”
e3“Peak protoplast yield and viability were achieved following enzymatic digestion (1.5% Cellulase R-10, 0.75% Macerozyme R-10, 0.5% Snailase, and 0.4 mol · L -1 D-mannitol) for 8 h (leaves and petals) and 10 h (suspension cells)”
Claim · model-written summary
Peak protoplast yield and viability from suspension cells were reached after 10 h of enzymatic digestion.
- Taxon
- Fragaria vesca/ananassaFragaria vescae0
- Organ / stage
- suspension cellse3
- Treatment
- enzymatic digestion (1.5% Cellulase R-10, 0.75% Macerozyme R-10, 0.5% Snailase, and 0.4 mol · L -1 D-mannitol)e3
- Outcome
- protoplast yield and viabilitye3
- Value
- 10 he3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“across strawberry ( Fragaria vesca/ananassa ) species”
e3“Peak protoplast yield and viability were achieved following enzymatic digestion (1.5% Cellulase R-10, 0.75% Macerozyme R-10, 0.5% Snailase, and 0.4 mol · L -1 D-mannitol) for 8 h (leaves and petals) and 10 h (suspension cells)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transient transformation efficiency was optimised using 20 µg plasmid DNA and 40% PEG4000 for 20 min.
- Taxon
- Fragaria vesca/ananassaFragaria vescae0
- Treatment
- 20 μg plasmid DNA and 40% PEG4000 for 20 mine4
- Outcome
- Transient transformation efficiencye4
- Value
- 20 μge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“across strawberry ( Fragaria vesca/ananassa ) species”
e4“Transient transformation efficiency was optimized using 20 μg plasmid DNA and 40% PEG4000 for 20 min”
Claim · model-written summary
A universally applicable protoplast isolation system was developed for strawberries of various ploidy levels and varieties.
- Taxon
- strawberries
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae5 - Outcome
- universally applicable protoplast isolation systeme5
- Qualifier
- spanning various ploidy levels and varietiese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e5“Notably, we developed the universally applicable protoplast isolation system for strawberries spanning various ploidy levels and varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
The protoplast system enabled successful application in subcellular localization, protein-protein interaction and protein detection in strawberry.
- Taxon
- Fragaria vesca/ananassaFragaria vescae0
- Outcome
- successful application in subcellular localization, protein-protein interaction, protein detectione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“across strawberry ( Fragaria vesca/ananassa ) species”
e6“enabling successful application in subcellular localization, protein-protein interaction, protein detection and assessment of U6 promoter-driven genome editing efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The protoplast system enabled assessment of U6 promoter-driven genome editing efficiency in strawberry.
- Taxon
- Fragaria vesca/ananassaFragaria vescae0
- Outcome
- U6 promoter-driven genome editing efficiencye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“across strawberry ( Fragaria vesca/ananassa ) species”
e6“enabling successful application in subcellular localization, protein-protein interaction, protein detection and assessment of U6 promoter-driven genome editing efficiency”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
in vitro · growth · Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.