Abstract
Abstract The wild service tree ( Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) is a rare and endangered species. The species is appreciated for its ecological value, drought resistance, wood parameters and ornamental value. In this study, we describe two common garden experiments of wild service tree established in Poland in spring 2012. The aim of the trials was to investigate the most valuable Polish provenances and, at the same time, to create such limited seed sources for this rare tree species. The survival rates between the trials, the provenances and the open-pollinated families during the first ten years of growth were analysed. The results showed that mortality in the first two growing seasons is most important and can be influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The obtained results clearly showed how important are the first years after planting and how they influence the survival rate in the trials after 10 years of growth. The selection of suitable origins and families can improve the survival and adaptability of wild service tree seedlings, especially in the era of climate change. We also highlight the need to create seed sources for the species to support a broader integration of wild service tree into European forests, which will increase biodiversity and ecosystem resilience.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Mortality in the first two growing seasons was especially important and influenced by environmental and genetic factors.
- Taxon
- Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz
Torminalis glaberrimat0 - Organ / stage
- first two growing seasonse0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Qualifier
- environmental and genetic factorse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The results showed that mortality in the first two growing seasons is most important and can be influenced by both environmental and genetic factors.”
t0“Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz”
Claim · model-written summary
The first years after planting influenced trial survival after 10 years.
- Taxon
- Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz
Torminalis glaberrimat0 - Organ / stage
- first years after plantinge0
- Outcome
- survival rate in the trials after 10 years of growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The obtained results clearly showed how important are the first years after planting and how they influence the survival rate in the trials after 10 years of growth.”
t0“Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz”
Claim · model-written summary
Selecting suitable origins and families can improve wild service tree seedling survival and adaptability.
- Taxon
- Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz
Torminalis glaberrimat0 - Material
- suitable origins and familiese0
- Outcome
- selection of suitable origins and familiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The selection of suitable origins and families can improve the survival and adaptability of wild service tree seedlings”
t0“Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors call for seed sources to support wild service tree integration into European forests and biodiversity and resilience.
- Taxon
- Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz
Torminalis glaberrimat0 - Outcome
- create seed sources for the speciese0
- Setting
- European forestse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“We also highlight the need to create seed sources for the species to support a broader integration of wild service tree into European forests, which will increase biodiversity and ecosystem resilience.”
t0“Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz”