Abstract
Shoot branching, as an important architectural trait, influences the number of flower heads and the pattern of flowering in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). However, the main genetic factors leading to extensive branching throughout the plant were not clearly understood. In this study, we analyzed branching inheritance and identified a significant locus using an F2 population (n = 660) from a cross between the non-branched line 150A and the highly branched line PT326. The branching phenotypes varied from having no branches to complete plant branching, with segregation fitting a 3:1 ratio (χ2 = 2.916, p > 0.05), suggesting that a single major gene controls this trait, with the non-branched phenotype being dominant. Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and whole-genome resequencing, a strong and consistent signal was identified on chromosome 10 across three separate statistical analyses, pinpointing a primary candidate interval of approximately 3.40 Mb, named qBr10. Through the use of 10 developed Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) markers and recombinant screening, qBr10 was restricted to a 388.5 kb (Chr10:13,422,378–13,780,875). Analysis of this interval identified 21 genes, among which WRKY21 and MTB3 were prioritized as candidate genes for further functional validation. Our findings identified qBr10 as a strong candidate for cloning and offer closely associated markers to aid in marker-assisted improvement of branching and capitulum number in sunflower breeding.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Branching phenotypes in the sunflower F2 population segregated in a 3:1 ratio that fit expectation.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuus
Helianthus annuuse1 - Material
- F2 population (n = 660)e2
- Outcome
- segregation fitting a 3:1 ratioe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“segregation fitting a 3:1 ratio (χ2 = 2.916, p > 0.05)”
e1“sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)”
e2“F2 population (n = 660)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest a single major gene controls branching in sunflower, with the non-branched phenotype dominant.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse1
- Gene
- single major genee0
- Outcome
- non-branched phenotype being dominante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a single major gene controls this trait, with the non-branched phenotype being dominant”
e1“sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
BSA and resequencing gave a strong consistent signal on chromosome 10 across three statistical analyses, defining a candidate interval of about 3.40 Mb named qBr10.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse1
- Gene
- qBr10e0
- Outcome
- strong and consistent signal was identified on chromosome 10e0
- Value
- approximately 3.40 Mbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a strong and consistent signal was identified on chromosome 10 across three separate statistical analyses, pinpointing a primary candidate interval of approximately 3.40 Mb, named qBr10”
e1“sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Recombinant screening with KASP markers restricted qBr10 to a 388.5 kb interval.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse1
- Gene
- qBr10e0
- Outcome
- restrictede0
- Value
- 388.5 kbe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“qBr10 was restricted to a 388.5 kb”
e1“sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The qBr10 interval contained 21 genes.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- genese0
- Value
- 21 genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Analysis of this interval identified 21 genes”
e1“sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
WRKY21 and MTB3 were prioritized as candidate genes within the qBr10 interval for functional validation.
- Taxon
- Helianthus annuusHelianthus annuuse1
- Gene
- WRKY21 and MTB3e0
- Outcome
- prioritized as candidate genese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“WRKY21 and MTB3 were prioritized as candidate genes”
e1“sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that qBr10 markers can aid marker-assisted improvement of branching and capitulum number in sunflower breeding.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- marker-assisted improvement of branching and capitulum numbere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“offer closely associated markers to aid in marker-assisted improvement of branching and capitulum number in sunflower breeding”