Abstract
Adverse environmental and postharvest conditions challenge the functional quality of lemons, an economically vital citrus crop. Melatonin (MEL) has emerged as an effective regulator of plant stress responses and secondary metabolism. This study evaluated the effects of pre- and postharvest MEL treatments, combined with cold storage, on the fruit quality of two lemon cultivars (‘Fino’ and ‘Verna’). The research focused specifically on endogenous MEL and flavanone dynamics. Three experimental conditions were assessed: (a) preharvest MEL application at 0.1 and 1 mM; (b) preharvest treatment followed by cold storage; and (c) combined pre- and postharvest MEL treatment followed by cold storage. Preharvest treatments increased endogenous MEL at harvest in a dose- and cultivar-dependent manner. Specifically, 1 mM being optimal for ‘Fino’, while 0.1 mM was more effective for ‘Verna’. During cold storage, ‘Fino’ fruit, characterized by low basal endogenous MEL levels, showed a marked increase in MEL accumulation, suggesting the stimulation of biosynthesis. In contrast, ‘Verna’ fruit, which had initially high endogenous MEL content, exhibited a pronounced decline, indicating MEL consumption to counteract oxidative stress. Flavanone content increased dose-dependently after preharvest treatment and was preserved during storage in ‘Fino’ but declined in ‘Verna’. These findings demonstrate that the fruit cultivar must be considered a critical factor in MEL-based strategies, as identical treatments may yield markedly different outcomes even within the same species.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest MEL application at 0.1 and 1 mM increased endogenous MEL at harvest in lemon in a dose- and cultivar-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- lemon
Citrus ×limone0 - Treatment
- preharvest MEL application at 0.1 and 1 mMe2
- Outcome
- endogenous MEL at harveste1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- dose- and cultivar-dependente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the fruit quality of two lemon cultivars (‘Fino’ and ‘Verna’)”
e1“Preharvest treatments increased endogenous MEL at harvest in a dose- and cultivar-dependent manner”
e2“preharvest MEL application at 0.1 and 1 mM”
Claim · model-written summary
1 mM was the optimal preharvest MEL dose for ‘Fino’ lemon in raising endogenous MEL at harvest.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone0
- Material
- Finoe2
- Treatment
- 1 mMe2
- Outcome
- endogenous MEL at harveste1
- Direction
- optimale2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the fruit quality of two lemon cultivars (‘Fino’ and ‘Verna’)”
e1“Preharvest treatments increased endogenous MEL at harvest in a dose- and cultivar-dependent manner”
e2“1 mM being optimal for ‘Fino’”
Claim · model-written summary
0.1 mM preharvest MEL was more effective than other doses for ‘Verna’ lemon in raising endogenous MEL at harvest.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone0
- Material
- Vernae2
- Treatment
- 0.1 mMe2
- Outcome
- endogenous MEL at harveste1
- Direction
- more effectivee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the fruit quality of two lemon cultivars (‘Fino’ and ‘Verna’)”
e1“Preharvest treatments increased endogenous MEL at harvest in a dose- and cultivar-dependent manner”
e2“0.1 mM was more effective for ‘Verna’”
Claim · model-written summary
During cold storage, ‘Fino’ lemon fruit showed a marked increase in MEL accumulation.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone0
- Material
- Finoe1
- Organ / stage
- fruite1
- Treatment
- cold storagee1
- Outcome
- MEL accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the fruit quality of two lemon cultivars (‘Fino’ and ‘Verna’)”
e1“During cold storage, ‘Fino’ fruit, characterized by low basal endogenous MEL levels, showed a marked increase in MEL accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
During cold storage, ‘Verna’ lemon fruit with initially high endogenous MEL showed a pronounced decline in MEL.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone0
- Material
- Vernae1
- Organ / stage
- fruite1
- Treatment
- cold storagee2
- Outcome
- endogenous MEL contente1
- Direction
- declinee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the fruit quality of two lemon cultivars (‘Fino’ and ‘Verna’)”
e1“‘Verna’ fruit, which had initially high endogenous MEL content, exhibited a pronounced decline”
e2“During cold storage”
Claim · model-written summary
The MEL accumulation in ‘Fino’ fruit during storage suggests stimulated MEL biosynthesis.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone0
- Outcome
- MEL accumulatione1
- Qualifier
- stimulation of biosynthesise2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the fruit quality of two lemon cultivars (‘Fino’ and ‘Verna’)”
e1“During cold storage, ‘Fino’ fruit, characterized by low basal endogenous MEL levels, showed a marked increase in MEL accumulation”
e2“suggesting the stimulation of biosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
The MEL decline in ‘Verna’ fruit is interpreted as MEL consumption to counteract oxidative stress.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone0
- Outcome
- MEL consumptione1
- Qualifier
- to counteract oxidative stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the fruit quality of two lemon cultivars (‘Fino’ and ‘Verna’)”
e1“indicating MEL consumption to counteract oxidative stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavanone content in lemon increased dose-dependently after preharvest melatonin treatment.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone0
- Treatment
- preharvest treatmente1
- Outcome
- Flavanone contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- dose-dependentlye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the fruit quality of two lemon cultivars (‘Fino’ and ‘Verna’)”
e1“Flavanone content increased dose-dependently after preharvest treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavanone content was preserved during storage in ‘Fino’ lemon.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone0
- Material
- Finoe2
- Treatment
- during storagee2
- Outcome
- Flavanone contente1
- Direction
- preservede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the fruit quality of two lemon cultivars (‘Fino’ and ‘Verna’)”
e1“Flavanone content increased dose-dependently after preharvest treatment”
e2“was preserved during storage in ‘Fino’”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavanone content declined during storage in ‘Verna’ lemon.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone0
- Material
- Vernae3
- Treatment
- during storagee2
- Outcome
- Flavanone contente1
- Direction
- declinede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the fruit quality of two lemon cultivars (‘Fino’ and ‘Verna’)”
e1“Flavanone content increased dose-dependently after preharvest treatment”
e2“was preserved during storage in ‘Fino’”
e3“but declined in ‘Verna’”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend that the fruit cultivar be considered a critical factor in MEL-based strategies, since identical treatments may give markedly different outcomes.
- Taxon
- lemonCitrus ×limone0
- Outcome
- the fruit cultivar must be considered a critical factor in MEL-based strategiese1
- Qualifier
- identical treatments may yield markedly different outcomes even within the same speciese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the fruit quality of two lemon cultivars (‘Fino’ and ‘Verna’)”
e1“the fruit cultivar must be considered a critical factor in MEL-based strategies”
e2“identical treatments may yield markedly different outcomes even within the same species”
The same questions in other papers
melatonin · yield · Citrus x limon (lemon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
cold · molecular: metabolites · Citrus x limon (lemon)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
storage · molecular: metabolites · Citrus x limon (lemon)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.