Abstract
Plants adapt to environmental changes by affecting the rhizosphere environment and microbial pathways. Shading affects nitrogen absorption and accumulation in plants by directly or indirectly altering the light intensity. However, the effects this has on the rhizosphere micro-environment and especially the microbial community are not fully understood. Utilizing non-targeted metabolomics and metagenomics, we investigated the changes in the microbial community structure in the cigar tobacco rhizosphere and the nitrogen cycling process and its relationship with nitrogen absorption by the plants under artificial shading conditions. Shading significantly increased the rhizosphere soil organic carbon, hydrolyzable nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrogen contents in tobacco plants. Metabolomics revealed that shading significantly affected the arginine biosynthesis pathway in the rhizosphere soil, with the expression levels of L-oxornithine, citrulline and L-arginine significantly increasing. Metagenomics analysis indicated that shading significantly altered the rhizosphere microbial community structure and the nitrogen cycling process. The abundances of organic nitrogen-decomposition ( gdh A , ansB ) and nitrification genes ( amoA_B, amoB_B, amoC_B, hao ) significantly increased. Flavobacterium and Stenotrophomonas may play important roles in the nitrogen cycle in the rhizosphere. Correlation analysis indicated that Flavobacterium and Stenotrophomonas were significantly positively correlated with L-glutamic acid, L-ornithine and L-arginine ( p < 0.05). These results reveal the biological mechanism by which shading affects nitrogen absorption in crops via changes in the rhizosphere microbial community and the nitrogen cycling process, providing a scientific foundation for guiding nutrient management strategies in shaded cultivation.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Shading significantly increased rhizosphere soil organic carbon and hydrolyzable nitrogen in cigar tobacco.
- Taxon
- cigar tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- Shadinge1
- Outcome
- rhizosphere soil organic carbon, hydrolyzable nitrogene2
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“cigar tobacco”
e1“Shading significantly increased”
e2“rhizosphere soil organic carbon, hydrolyzable nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading significantly increased rhizosphere soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in cigar tobacco.
- Taxon
- cigar tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- Shadinge1
- Outcome
- ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogene2
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“cigar tobacco”
e1“Shading significantly increased”
e2“ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading significantly increased nitrogen contents in tobacco plants.
- Taxon
- cigar tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- Shadinge1
- Outcome
- nitrogen contents in tobacco plantse2
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“cigar tobacco”
e1“Shading significantly increased”
e2“nitrogen contents in tobacco plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading significantly affected the arginine biosynthesis pathway in the rhizosphere soil.
- Taxon
- cigar tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- shadinge1
- Outcome
- arginine biosynthesis pathway in the rhizosphere soile1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“cigar tobacco”
e1“Metabolomics revealed that shading significantly affected the arginine biosynthesis pathway in the rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Under shading, the levels of L-oxornithine, citrulline and L-arginine in rhizosphere soil significantly increased.
- Taxon
- cigar tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- shadinge1
- Outcome
- expression levels of L-oxornithine, citrulline and L-argininee2
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“cigar tobacco”
e1“Metabolomics revealed that shading”
e2“the expression levels of L-oxornithine, citrulline and L-arginine significantly increasing”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading significantly altered the rhizosphere microbial community structure and the nitrogen cycling process.
- Taxon
- cigar tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- shadinge1
- Outcome
- rhizosphere microbial community structure and the nitrogen cycling processe1
- Direction
- alterede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“cigar tobacco”
e1“Metagenomics analysis indicated that shading significantly altered the rhizosphere microbial community structure and the nitrogen cycling process”
Claim · model-written summary
Under shading, the abundance of organic nitrogen-decomposition genes (gdhA, ansB) significantly increased.
- Taxon
- cigar tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- artificial shadinge1
- Gene
- organic nitrogen-decompositione2
- Outcome
- abundancese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- gdh A , ansBe2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“cigar tobacco”
e1“artificial shading”
e2“The abundances of organic nitrogen-decomposition ( gdh A , ansB ) and nitrification genes ( amoA_B, amoB_B, amoC_B, hao ) significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Under shading, the abundance of nitrification genes (amoA_B, amoB_B, amoC_B, hao) significantly increased.
- Taxon
- cigar tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- artificial shadinge1
- Gene
- nitrification genese2
- Outcome
- abundancese2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- amoA_B, amoB_B, amoC_B, haoe2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“cigar tobacco”
e1“artificial shading”
e2“The abundances of organic nitrogen-decomposition ( gdh A , ansB ) and nitrification genes ( amoA_B, amoB_B, amoC_B, hao ) significantly increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavobacterium and Stenotrophomonas may play important roles in the nitrogen cycle in the rhizosphere.
- Taxon
- cigar tobaccoe0
- Interactor
- FlavobacteriumFlavobacteriume1other
- Second interactor
- Stenotrophomonas
Stenotrophomonase1other - Outcome
- important roles in the nitrogen cycle in the rhizospheree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cigar tobacco”
e1“Flavobacterium and Stenotrophomonas may play important roles in the nitrogen cycle in the rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavobacterium and Stenotrophomonas were significantly positively correlated with L-glutamic acid, L-ornithine and L-arginine (p < 0.05).
- Taxon
- cigar tobaccoe0
- Interactor
- FlavobacteriumFlavobacteriume1other
- Second interactor
- StenotrophomonasStenotrophomonase1other
- Compound
- L-glutamic acid, L-ornithine and L-argininee1
- Outcome
- correlatede1
- Direction
- positivelye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cigar tobacco”
e1“Flavobacterium and Stenotrophomonas were significantly positively correlated with L-glutamic acid, L-ornithine and L-arginine ( p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading affects nitrogen absorption in crops via changes in the rhizosphere microbial community and the nitrogen cycling process.
Verbatim
e1“shading affects nitrogen absorption in crops via changes in the rhizosphere microbial community and the nitrogen cycling process”