Abstract
Rice root system architecture, particularly primary root length, is a crucial agronomic trait that significantly impacts water absorption, nutrient uptake, and drought tolerance. The identification of plant ligand-receptor pairs provides a foundational dataset for studying cell communication in root. However, current understanding of root-based ligand-receptor regulatory modules in rice remains limited. We identified FERONIA-Like Receptor 1 (FLR1), a member of the FERONIA-like receptor (FLR) family of receptor-like kinases (RLKs), as a vital regulator of rice root development. FLR1 governs primary root length by modulating cell division within the root apical meristem (RAM). Using an interaction screening system, we identified multiple Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) peptides, which are secreted small signaling molecules, that interact with FLR1, with OsRALF5 emerging as a key functional ligand. In FLR1 promoter-edited mutants, the co-abundance of OsRALF5 and FLR1 mRNAs showed a strong positive correlation with root length. In situ hybridization and single-cell transcriptomics revealed a striking co-expression of FLR1 and OsRALF5 in the epidermis, cortex, and stele. By mediating cell-cell communication across root tissues, the OsRALF5-FLR1 module coordinates growth and maintains the stem cell niche and RAM homeostasis processes that are fundamental for root patterning. Collectively, this study strongly implicates the OsRALF5-FLR1 module in the regulation of rice root length and supports its potential as a model for studying root-related cell communication through quantitative analysis of ligand-receptor mRNA expression.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
FLR1, a FERONIA-like receptor-like kinase, was identified as a vital regulator of rice root development.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Gene
- FERONIA-Like Receptor 1 (FLR1)e1
- Outcome
- vital regulator of rice root developmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“We identified FERONIA-Like Receptor 1 (FLR1), a member of the FERONIA-like receptor (FLR) family of receptor-like kinases (RLKs), as a vital regulator of rice root development”
Claim · model-written summary
In rice, FLR1 governs primary root length by modulating cell division within the root apical meristem.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- FLR1e1
- Outcome
- primary root lengthe1
- Qualifier
- modulating cell division within the root apical meristem (RAM)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“FLR1 governs primary root length by modulating cell division within the root apical meristem (RAM)”
t0“Rice Root Development”
Claim · model-written summary
An interaction screen identified multiple RALF peptides interacting with FLR1, with OsRALF5 emerging as a key functional ligand.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsRALF5e1
- Outcome
- interact with FLR1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“we identified multiple Rapid Alkalinization Factor (RALF) peptides, which are secreted small signaling molecules, that interact with FLR1, with OsRALF5 emerging as a key functional ligand”
t0“Rice Root Development”
Claim · model-written summary
In FLR1 promoter-edited rice mutants, the co-abundance of OsRALF5 and FLR1 mRNAs correlated strongly and positively with root length.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- FLR1 promoter-edited mutantse1
- Gene
- OsRALF5e1
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- positive correlatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In FLR1 promoter-edited mutants, the co-abundance of OsRALF5 and FLR1 mRNAs showed a strong positive correlation with root length”
t0“Rice Root Development”
Claim · model-written summary
In situ hybridization and single-cell transcriptomics showed co-expression of FLR1 and OsRALF5 in the epidermis, cortex and stele of the rice root.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- epidermis, cortex, and stelee1
- Outcome
- co-expression of FLR1 and OsRALF5e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In situ hybridization and single-cell transcriptomics revealed a striking co-expression of FLR1 and OsRALF5 in the epidermis, cortex, and stele”
t0“Rice Root Development”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the OsRALF5-FLR1 module, by mediating cell-cell communication across root tissues, coordinates growth and maintains the stem cell niche and RAM homeostasis.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsRALF5-FLR1 modulee1
- Outcome
- RAM homeostasise1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“By mediating cell-cell communication across root tissues, the OsRALF5-FLR1 module coordinates growth and maintains the stem cell niche and RAM homeostasis”
t0“Rice Root Development”