Abstract
Waste oil finds its way into the environment through engine use, spills, leaks from exhaust systems and indiscriminate disposal. This study aimed at phytoremediation of spent engine oil (SEO) contaminated soil by using Gmelina arborea seedlings. Pollution was simulated by using four SEOconcentrations:0 ml (Control), 30 ml (T1), 150 ml (T2, and 750 ml (T3) to contaminate vegetated (VG)and unvegetated (UVG) soils. Using 2 × 4 factorial completely randomized design of 15 replicates, data were collected at 57 and 163 days after planting (DAP), and subjected to analysis of variance using SPSS version 23.Mean concentrations of heavy metals in VG soil decreased significantly (Pb: 0.031;Zn:1400; Cu:0.8; Cd: 0.011; Al:4.7 mg/100g) compared to the significant increase in UVG(Pb: 0.046; Zn:1787.5; Cu:2.8; Cd:0.042; Al:5.05mg/100g) soil and showed variation in the mean accumulation in the plant tissues. Pb (0.08), Al (6.88), Cu (0.83) and Cd (0.02) produced highest accumulation in the T3 root, Zn was highest (3,200mg/100g) in the T2 leaves while stem had least accumulations at higher concentrations. Results showed low adverse effects on the plant morphological characterizations but stomatal width and chlorophyll contents of the leaves had variations. Based on the results, G. arborea had a higher tolerance for SEO pollution. Therefore, the plant’s ability to germinate, grow, survive in polluted soil and build-up of heavy metals showed its potency as hyperaccumulator and usefulness as a phytoremediator.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetated soil had significantly decreased heavy metal concentrations relative to unvegetated soil.
- Taxon
- Gmelina arborea
Gmelina arboreae1 - Treatment
- VG soile0
- Outcome
- concentrations of heavy metals in VG soile0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- UVGe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean concentrations of heavy metals in VG soil decreased significantly (Pb: 0.031;Zn:1400; Cu:0.8; Cd: 0.011; Al:4.7 mg/100g) compared to the significant increase in UVG(Pb: 0.046; Zn:1787.5; Cu:2.8; Cd:0.042; Al:5.05mg/100g) soil”
e1“Gmelina arborea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Lead accumulation was highest in T3 roots at 0.08.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb (0.08), Al (6.88), Cu (0.83) and Cd (0.02) produced highest accumulation in the T3 root”
e1“Gmelina arborea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium accumulation was highest in T3 roots at 6.88.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb (0.08), Al (6.88), Cu (0.83) and Cd (0.02) produced highest accumulation in the T3 root”
e1“Gmelina arborea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper accumulation was highest in T3 roots at 0.83.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb (0.08), Al (6.88), Cu (0.83) and Cd (0.02) produced highest accumulation in the T3 root”
e1“Gmelina arborea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium accumulation was highest in T3 roots at 0.02.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pb (0.08), Al (6.88), Cu (0.83) and Cd (0.02) produced highest accumulation in the T3 root”
e1“Gmelina arborea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc accumulation was highest in T2 leaves at 3,200mg/100g.
- Taxon
- Gmelina arboreaGmelina arboreae1
- Organ / stage
- T2 leavese0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3,200mg/100ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn was highest (3,200mg/100g) in the T2 leaves”
e1“Gmelina arborea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Stems had the least metal accumulation at higher concentrations.
- Taxon
- Gmelina arboreaGmelina arboreae1
- Organ / stage
- steme0
- Outcome
- accumulationse0
- Direction
- leaste0
- Qualifier
- at higher concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stem had least accumulations at higher concentrations.”
e1“Gmelina arborea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil pollution had low adverse effects on plant morphology.
- Taxon
- Gmelina arboreaGmelina arboreae1
- Treatment
- spent engine oil (SEO) contaminated soile2
- Outcome
- plant morphological characterizationse0
- Direction
- low adverse effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed low adverse effects on the plant morphological characterizations”
e1“Gmelina arborea seedlings”
e2“spent engine oil (SEO) contaminated soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf stomatal width and chlorophyll content varied under oil pollution.
- Taxon
- Gmelina arboreaGmelina arboreae1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- stomatal width and chlorophyll contentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stomatal width and chlorophyll contents of the leaves had variations.”
e1“Gmelina arborea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judged G. arborea highly tolerant of SEO pollution.
- Taxon
- G. arboreaGmelina arboreae0
- Outcome
- tolerance for SEO pollutione0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“G. arborea had a higher tolerance for SEO pollution.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded Gmelina can serve as a phytoremediator of polluted soil.
- Taxon
- Gmelina arboreaGmelina arboreae1
- Outcome
- usefulness as a phytoremediatore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the plant’s ability to germinate, grow, survive in polluted soil and build-up of heavy metals showed its potency as hyperaccumulator and usefulness as a phytoremediator.”
e1“Gmelina arborea seedlings”