Abstract
Abstract In Brazil, Type II common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is typically sown at 40‐ to 50‐cm row spacing with 12–15 seeds m −1 . This conventional arrangement results in suboptimal interception of foliar‐applied molybdenum (Mo) used to enhance seed Mo content (SMoC). We hypothesized that a denser canopy would enhance both SMoC and yield and that this effect would be consistent across different Mo application rates. Canopy closure was manipulated by varying row spacing (25 or 50 cm) and plant density (8 or 16 plants m −1 ). Sodium molybdate was foliar‐applied at rates of either 300 or 600 g ha −1 of Mo, in split applications of 100 + 100 + 100 or 100 + 250 + 250 at the V4, R6, and R7 growth stages. Two sprinkler‐irrigated trials were conducted using a bean line partially resistant to white mold ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ). The data were analyzed using a linear mixed model and orthogonal contrasts. Under low white mold pressure, the average seed yield and SMoC were 4761 kg ha −1 and 3.74 µg seed −1 in 2022 and 2665 kg ha −1 and 2.52 µg seed −1 in 2023, respectively. Narrow row spacing (25 cm) increased yield by 20% versus 50 cm. At 600 g ha −1 of Mo, 25‐cm spacing increased SMoC by 12% over 50 cm, while the 50 + 16 combination increased SMoC by 18% versus 50 + 8; no differences were observed at 300 g ha −1 of Mo. Overall, our results suggest that denser canopies enhance both yield and SMoC in Type II beans, although the magnitude of the SMoC response indicates a rate dependency.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
In 2022 seed yield averaged 4761 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Value
- 4761 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average seed yield and SMoC were 4761 kg ha −1 and 3.74 µg seed −1 in 2022”
t0“common beans”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2022 seed Mo content averaged 3.74 µg seed −1.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- SMoCe0
- Value
- 3.74 µg seed −1e0
- Qualifier
- 2022e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average seed yield and SMoC were 4761 kg ha −1 and 3.74 µg seed −1 in 2022”
t0“common beans”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2023 seed yield averaged 2665 kg ha −1.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Value
- 2665 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 2023e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2665 kg ha −1 and 2.52 µg seed −1 in 2023”
t0“seed molybdenum content in Type II common beans”
e1“the average seed yield and SMoC were 4761 kg ha −1 and 3.74 µg seed −1 in 2022”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2023 seed Mo content averaged 2.52 µg seed −1.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- molybdenum contentt0
- Value
- 2.52 µg seed −1e0
- Qualifier
- 2023e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2665 kg ha −1 and 2.52 µg seed −1 in 2023”
t0“seed molybdenum content in Type II common beans”
Claim · model-written summary
Narrow 25 cm rows increased yield 20% versus 50 cm rows.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Narrow row spacing (25 cm)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Comparator
- 50 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Narrow row spacing (25 cm) increased yield by 20% versus 50 cm.”
t0“common beans”
Claim · model-written summary
At 600 g ha −1 Mo, 25 cm rows increased seed Mo content 12% versus 50 cm rows.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 25‐cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- SMoCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Qualifier
- 600 g ha −1 of Moe0
- Comparator
- 50 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 600 g ha −1 of Mo, 25‐cm spacing increased SMoC by 12% over 50 cm”
t0“common beans”
Claim · model-written summary
At 600 g ha −1 Mo, 50 + 16 increased seed Mo content 18% versus 50 + 8.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 50 + 16e0
- Outcome
- SMoCe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Comparator
- 50 + 8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 50 + 16 combination increased SMoC by 18% versus 50 + 8”
t0“common beans”
Claim · model-written summary
No spacing or density differences were observed at 300 g ha −1 Mo.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- 300 g ha −1 of Moe0
- Outcome
- SMoCe1
- Direction
- no differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no differences were observed at 300 g ha −1 of Mo.”
t0“seed molybdenum content in Type II common beans”
e1“the average seed yield and SMoC were 4761 kg ha −1 and 3.74 µg seed −1 in 2022”
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