Abstract
The study was carried out during 2021–22 at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, to investigate the effect of hand removal and organic sprays on banana maturity, yield and quality to improve productivity and income for growers. The experiment was laid out using a factorial completely randomised design (F-CRD) with three levels of lower hand removal and seven types of organic sprays, forming twenty-one treatment combinations with three replications in banana (Musa paradisiaca). After full bunch emergence, distal hands along with the male bud were removed, followed by sprays at 15 and 30 days after bunch emergence. The results revealed that removal of three hands (H3) significantly promoted early maturity (82.10 days), highest third-hand weight (3.08 kg), finger length (24.45 cm), finger girth (11.00 cm), TSS (18.51°Brix), reducing sugar (6.62%) and total sugar (14.58%). In contrast, removal of one hand (H1) recorded the greatest bunch weight (33.64 kg), bunch length (94.18 cm) and yield (116.80 t/ha). Among organic sprays, 5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) recorded early maturity (80.22 days), maximum bunch weight (37.50 kg), bunch girth (116.28 cm), third-hand weight (3.40 kg), finger length (24.63 cm), finger girth (11.42 cm), yield (130.20 t/ha), reducing sugar (6.84%) and total sugar (14.93%). In interaction, removal of three hands and Gliricidia leaf extract 5% (H3O5) showed early maturity (76.67 days), maximum third-hand weight (3.50 kg) and finger length (26.03 cm). Whereas, removal of one hand and Gliricidia leaf extract 5% (H1O5) gave maximum bunch weight (43.63 kg), yield (151.49 t/ha), net return (₹16,13,170/ha) and BCR (4.53). Thus, removal of one hand and spray of Gliricidia leaf extract 5% at 15 and 30 days gave the highest yield and net return in banana.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
removal of three hands (H3) gave early maturity (82.10 days) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- removal of three hands (H3)e0
- Outcome
- maturitye0
- Direction
- earlye0
- Value
- 82.10 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“removal of three hands (H3) significantly promoted early maturity (82.10 days), highest third-hand weight (3.08 kg), finger length (24.45 cm), finger girth (11.00 cm), TSS (18.51°Brix), reducing sugar (6.62%) and total sugar (14.58%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
removal of three hands (H3) gave highest third-hand weight (3.08 kg) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- removal of three hands (H3)e0
- Outcome
- third-hand weighte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.08 kge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“removal of three hands (H3) significantly promoted early maturity (82.10 days), highest third-hand weight (3.08 kg), finger length (24.45 cm), finger girth (11.00 cm), TSS (18.51°Brix), reducing sugar (6.62%) and total sugar (14.58%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
removal of three hands (H3) gave highest finger length (24.45 cm) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- removal of three hands (H3)e0
- Outcome
- finger lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 24.45 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“removal of three hands (H3) significantly promoted early maturity (82.10 days), highest third-hand weight (3.08 kg), finger length (24.45 cm), finger girth (11.00 cm), TSS (18.51°Brix), reducing sugar (6.62%) and total sugar (14.58%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
removal of three hands (H3) gave highest finger girth (11.00 cm) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- removal of three hands (H3)e0
- Outcome
- finger girthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 11.00 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“removal of three hands (H3) significantly promoted early maturity (82.10 days), highest third-hand weight (3.08 kg), finger length (24.45 cm), finger girth (11.00 cm), TSS (18.51°Brix), reducing sugar (6.62%) and total sugar (14.58%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
removal of three hands (H3) gave highest TSS (18.51°Brix) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- removal of three hands (H3)e0
- Outcome
- TSSe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 18.51°Brixe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“removal of three hands (H3) significantly promoted early maturity (82.10 days), highest third-hand weight (3.08 kg), finger length (24.45 cm), finger girth (11.00 cm), TSS (18.51°Brix), reducing sugar (6.62%) and total sugar (14.58%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
removal of three hands (H3) gave highest reducing sugar (6.62%) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- removal of three hands (H3)e0
- Outcome
- reducing sugare0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.62%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“removal of three hands (H3) significantly promoted early maturity (82.10 days), highest third-hand weight (3.08 kg), finger length (24.45 cm), finger girth (11.00 cm), TSS (18.51°Brix), reducing sugar (6.62%) and total sugar (14.58%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
removal of three hands (H3) gave highest total sugar (14.58%) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- removal of three hands (H3)e0
- Outcome
- total sugare0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 14.58%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“removal of three hands (H3) significantly promoted early maturity (82.10 days), highest third-hand weight (3.08 kg), finger length (24.45 cm), finger girth (11.00 cm), TSS (18.51°Brix), reducing sugar (6.62%) and total sugar (14.58%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
removal of one hand (H1) gave greatest bunch weight (33.64 kg) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- removal of one hand (H1)e0
- Outcome
- bunch weighte0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 33.64 kge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“removal of one hand (H1) recorded the greatest bunch weight (33.64 kg), bunch length (94.18 cm) and yield (116.80 t/ha).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
removal of one hand (H1) gave greatest bunch length (94.18 cm) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- removal of one hand (H1)e0
- Outcome
- bunch lengthe0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 94.18 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“removal of one hand (H1) recorded the greatest bunch weight (33.64 kg), bunch length (94.18 cm) and yield (116.80 t/ha).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
removal of one hand (H1) gave greatest yield (116.80 t/ha) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- removal of one hand (H1)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Value
- 116.80 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“removal of one hand (H1) recorded the greatest bunch weight (33.64 kg), bunch length (94.18 cm) and yield (116.80 t/ha).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) gave early maturity (80.22 days) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- 5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5)e0
- Outcome
- maturitye0
- Direction
- earlye0
- Value
- 80.22 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) recorded early maturity (80.22 days), maximum bunch weight (37.50 kg), bunch girth (116.28 cm), third-hand weight (3.40 kg), finger length (24.63 cm), finger girth (11.42 cm), yield (130.20 t/ha), reducing sugar (6.84%) and total sugar (14.93%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) gave maximum bunch weight (37.50 kg) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- 5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5)e0
- Outcome
- bunch weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 37.50 kge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) recorded early maturity (80.22 days), maximum bunch weight (37.50 kg), bunch girth (116.28 cm), third-hand weight (3.40 kg), finger length (24.63 cm), finger girth (11.42 cm), yield (130.20 t/ha), reducing sugar (6.84%) and total sugar (14.93%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) gave maximum bunch girth (116.28 cm) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- 5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5)e0
- Outcome
- bunch girthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 116.28 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) recorded early maturity (80.22 days), maximum bunch weight (37.50 kg), bunch girth (116.28 cm), third-hand weight (3.40 kg), finger length (24.63 cm), finger girth (11.42 cm), yield (130.20 t/ha), reducing sugar (6.84%) and total sugar (14.93%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) gave maximum third-hand weight (3.40 kg) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- 5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5)e0
- Outcome
- third-hand weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 3.40 kge0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) recorded early maturity (80.22 days), maximum bunch weight (37.50 kg), bunch girth (116.28 cm), third-hand weight (3.40 kg), finger length (24.63 cm), finger girth (11.42 cm), yield (130.20 t/ha), reducing sugar (6.84%) and total sugar (14.93%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) gave maximum finger length (24.63 cm) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- 5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5)e0
- Outcome
- finger lengthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 24.63 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) recorded early maturity (80.22 days), maximum bunch weight (37.50 kg), bunch girth (116.28 cm), third-hand weight (3.40 kg), finger length (24.63 cm), finger girth (11.42 cm), yield (130.20 t/ha), reducing sugar (6.84%) and total sugar (14.93%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) gave maximum finger girth (11.42 cm) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- 5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5)e0
- Outcome
- finger girthe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 11.42 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) recorded early maturity (80.22 days), maximum bunch weight (37.50 kg), bunch girth (116.28 cm), third-hand weight (3.40 kg), finger length (24.63 cm), finger girth (11.42 cm), yield (130.20 t/ha), reducing sugar (6.84%) and total sugar (14.93%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) gave maximum yield (130.20 t/ha) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- 5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 130.20 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) recorded early maturity (80.22 days), maximum bunch weight (37.50 kg), bunch girth (116.28 cm), third-hand weight (3.40 kg), finger length (24.63 cm), finger girth (11.42 cm), yield (130.20 t/ha), reducing sugar (6.84%) and total sugar (14.93%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) gave maximum reducing sugar (6.84%) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- 5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5)e0
- Outcome
- reducing sugare0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 6.84%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) recorded early maturity (80.22 days), maximum bunch weight (37.50 kg), bunch girth (116.28 cm), third-hand weight (3.40 kg), finger length (24.63 cm), finger girth (11.42 cm), yield (130.20 t/ha), reducing sugar (6.84%) and total sugar (14.93%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) gave maximum total sugar (14.93%) in banana.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Material
- Grand Nainet0
- Treatment
- 5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5)e0
- Outcome
- total sugare0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 14.93%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“5% Gliricidia leaf extract (O5) recorded early maturity (80.22 days), maximum bunch weight (37.50 kg), bunch girth (116.28 cm), third-hand weight (3.40 kg), finger length (24.63 cm), finger girth (11.42 cm), yield (130.20 t/ha), reducing sugar (6.84%) and total sugar (14.93%).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
Claim · model-written summary
Removal of one hand with 5% Gliricidia extract produced maximum yield of 151.49 t/ha.
- Taxon
- bananat0
- Treatment
- removal of one hand and Gliricidia leaf extract 5% (H1O5)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 151.49 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“removal of one hand and Gliricidia leaf extract 5% (H1O5) gave maximum bunch weight (43.63 kg), yield (151.49 t/ha), net return (₹16,13,170/ha) and BCR (4.53).”
t0“banana (Musa paradisiaca) cv. Grand Naine”
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