Abstract
This study examined the effects of fertilization frequency and quantity on growth, yield, and quality of tomatoes under substrate cultivation. A factorial experiment evaluated two fertilization frequencies (every 5 or 10 days) and three fertilization levels (15.69, 31.38, or 62.76 kg·ha⁻¹), along with an unfertilized control. Plants were assessed for growth and development, photosynthetic pigment content, gas exchange parameters, nutrient uptake, fruit quality attributes, and yield. Fertilization every 10 days at 62.76 kg·ha⁻¹ (T8) produced the highest nutrient content in both substrate and plant tissues. Compared with the control, fertilization every 5 days at 31.38 kg·ha⁻¹ (T4) significantly increased soluble sugar and soluble solids content in tomato fruits while decreasing organic acid content, without significantly affecting vitamin C content or yield. Comprehensive evaluation using five analytical methods-principal component analysis (PCA), VIKOR method, TOPSIS analysis, membership function analysis, and grey relational analysis-identified T4 as the optimal treatment demonstrating superior overall performance. These findings provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for scientific fertilization management to achieve high-quality, high-yield, and sustainable tomato production under substrate cultivation systems. The results support precision nutrient management strategies for soilless vegetable production.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
T8 produced the highest nutrient content in both substrate.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Fertilization every 10 days at 62.76 kg·ha⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- nutrient content in both substratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Fertilization every 10 days at 62.76 kg·ha⁻¹ (T8) produced the highest nutrient content in both substrate and plant tissues.”
Claim · model-written summary
T8 produced the highest plant tissues.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Fertilization every 10 days at 62.76 kg·ha⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- plant tissuese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Fertilization every 10 days at 62.76 kg·ha⁻¹ (T8) produced the highest nutrient content in both substrate and plant tissues.”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 increased soluble sugar compared with control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fertilization every 5 days at 31.38 kg·ha⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- soluble sugare0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Compared with the control, fertilization every 5 days at 31.38 kg·ha⁻¹ (T4) significantly increased soluble sugar and soluble solids content in tomato fruits while decreasing organic acid content, without significantly affecting vitamin C content or yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 increased soluble solids content compared with control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fertilization every 5 days at 31.38 kg·ha⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- soluble solids contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Compared with the control, fertilization every 5 days at 31.38 kg·ha⁻¹ (T4) significantly increased soluble sugar and soluble solids content in tomato fruits while decreasing organic acid content, without significantly affecting vitamin C content or yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 decreasing organic acid content compared with control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fertilization every 5 days at 31.38 kg·ha⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- organic acid contente0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Compared with the control, fertilization every 5 days at 31.38 kg·ha⁻¹ (T4) significantly increased soluble sugar and soluble solids content in tomato fruits while decreasing organic acid content, without significantly affecting vitamin C content or yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 without significantly affecting vitamin C content compared with control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fertilization every 5 days at 31.38 kg·ha⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- vitamin C contente0
- Direction
- without significantly affectinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Compared with the control, fertilization every 5 days at 31.38 kg·ha⁻¹ (T4) significantly increased soluble sugar and soluble solids content in tomato fruits while decreasing organic acid content, without significantly affecting vitamin C content or yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 without significantly affecting yield compared with control.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- fertilization every 5 days at 31.38 kg·ha⁻¹e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- without significantly affectinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Compared with the control, fertilization every 5 days at 31.38 kg·ha⁻¹ (T4) significantly increased soluble sugar and soluble solids content in tomato fruits while decreasing organic acid content, without significantly affecting vitamin C content or yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Five analytical methods identified T4 as the optimal treatment.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- superior overall performancee0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- T4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tomato”
e0“Comprehensive evaluation using five analytical methods-principal component analysis (PCA), VIKOR method, TOPSIS analysis, membership function analysis, and grey relational analysis-identified T4 as the optimal treatment demonstrating superior overall performance.”
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