Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of planting geometry (normal and paired rows) and companion crops (field bean, vegetable soybean and chia) under a pigeonpea-based cropping system in Alfisols under dryland conditions. The experiment comprised 15 treatments, replicated thrice in a randomized complete block design. The trial was conducted for two seasons (kharif, 2020 and 2021). Treatments consisted of sole cropping and intercropping of companion crops (field bean, vegetable soybean and chia) with different row proportions (1:2, 1:3 and 1:4) in pigeonpea. The results revealed that among the different planting geometries, paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacing recorded significantly higher plant height (141.05 cm), number of branches per plant (15.61), number of pods per plant (130.90), pod yield per plant (105.25 g plant-1), seed yield per plant (40.45 g plant-1), seed yield (1483 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (3449 kg ha-1) as compared to normal row planting. Higher pigeonpea equivalent yield (1666 kg ha-1) was recorded with paired-row pigeonpea (120/60 cm) intercropping with chia and higher land equivalent ratio (1.67) recorded with paired-row pigeonpea (150/60 cm) intercropped with vegetable soybean (1:4) compared to other intercropping systems. These treatments were found agronomically superior. Paired-row planting pigeonpea (120/60 cm) intercropped with vegetable soybean (1:3) found to be economically superior, with higher gross returns (Rs. 201992 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 160431 ha-1) and cost benefit ratio (4.86). From this study it could be concluded that paired pigeonpea intercropped with vegetable soybean is profitable system under dryland conditions and can be recommended for regions with red or light-textured soils.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Paired-row planting at 120/60 cm raised pigeonpea plant height to 141.05 cm versus normal rows.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea
Cajanus cajane0 - Treatment
- paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 141.05 cme0
- Comparator
- normal row plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacing recorded significantly higher plant height (141.05 cm), number of branches per plant (15.61), number of pods per plant (130.90), pod yield per plant (105.25 g plant-1), seed yield per plant (40.45 g plant-1), seed yield (1483 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (3449 kg ha-1) as compared to normal row planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Paired rows raised branch number to 15.61 per plant.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- number of branches per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 15.61e0
- Comparator
- normal row plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacing recorded significantly higher plant height (141.05 cm), number of branches per plant (15.61), number of pods per plant (130.90), pod yield per plant (105.25 g plant-1), seed yield per plant (40.45 g plant-1), seed yield (1483 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (3449 kg ha-1) as compared to normal row planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Paired rows raised pod number to 130.90 per plant.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 130.90e0
- Comparator
- normal row plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacing recorded significantly higher plant height (141.05 cm), number of branches per plant (15.61), number of pods per plant (130.90), pod yield per plant (105.25 g plant-1), seed yield per plant (40.45 g plant-1), seed yield (1483 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (3449 kg ha-1) as compared to normal row planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Paired rows raised pod yield per plant to 105.25 g plant-1.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- pod yield per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 105.25 g plant-1e0
- Comparator
- normal row plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacing recorded significantly higher plant height (141.05 cm), number of branches per plant (15.61), number of pods per plant (130.90), pod yield per plant (105.25 g plant-1), seed yield per plant (40.45 g plant-1), seed yield (1483 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (3449 kg ha-1) as compared to normal row planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Paired rows raised seed yield per plant to 40.45 g plant-1.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- seed yield per plante0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 40.45 g plant-1e0
- Comparator
- normal row plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacing recorded significantly higher plant height (141.05 cm), number of branches per plant (15.61), number of pods per plant (130.90), pod yield per plant (105.25 g plant-1), seed yield per plant (40.45 g plant-1), seed yield (1483 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (3449 kg ha-1) as compared to normal row planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Paired rows raised seed yield to 1483 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1483 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- normal row plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacing recorded significantly higher plant height (141.05 cm), number of branches per plant (15.61), number of pods per plant (130.90), pod yield per plant (105.25 g plant-1), seed yield per plant (40.45 g plant-1), seed yield (1483 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (3449 kg ha-1) as compared to normal row planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Paired rows raised stalk yield to 3449 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacinge0
- Outcome
- stalk yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3449 kg ha-1e0
- Comparator
- normal row plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paired-row planting of pigeonpea at 120/60 cm spacing recorded significantly higher plant height (141.05 cm), number of branches per plant (15.61), number of pods per plant (130.90), pod yield per plant (105.25 g plant-1), seed yield per plant (40.45 g plant-1), seed yield (1483 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (3449 kg ha-1) as compared to normal row planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Paired-row pigeonpea at 120/60 cm with chia had higher equivalent yield of 1666 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- paired-row pigeonpea (120/60 cm) intercropping with chiae0
- Interactor
- chiae0other
- Outcome
- pigeonpea equivalent yielde0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 1666 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher pigeonpea equivalent yield (1666 kg ha-1) was recorded with paired-row pigeonpea (120/60 cm) intercropping with chia”
Claim · model-written summary
Paired-row pigeonpea at 150/60 cm with vegetable soybean at 1:4 had higher land equivalent ratio of 1.67.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- paired-row pigeonpea (150/60 cm) intercropped with vegetable soybean (1:4)e0
- Interactor
- vegetable soybeane0other
- Outcome
- land equivalent ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.67e0
- Comparator
- other intercropping systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher land equivalent ratio (1.67) recorded with paired-row pigeonpea (150/60 cm) intercropped with vegetable soybean (1:4) compared to other intercropping systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Paired-row pigeonpea with vegetable soybean at 1:3 gave higher gross returns of Rs. 201992 ha-1.
- Treatment
- Paired-row planting pigeonpea (120/60 cm) intercropped with vegetable soybean (1:3)e0
- Outcome
- gross returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- Rs. 201992 ha-1e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Paired-row planting pigeonpea (120/60 cm) intercropped with vegetable soybean (1:3) found to be economically superior, with higher gross returns (Rs. 201992 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 160431 ha-1) and cost benefit ratio (4.86)”
Claim · model-written summary
That paired-row intercropping system gave higher net returns of Rs. 160431 ha-1.
- Treatment
- Paired-row planting pigeonpea (120/60 cm) intercropped with vegetable soybean (1:3)e0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- Rs. 160431 ha-1e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Paired-row planting pigeonpea (120/60 cm) intercropped with vegetable soybean (1:3) found to be economically superior, with higher gross returns (Rs. 201992 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 160431 ha-1) and cost benefit ratio (4.86)”
Claim · model-written summary
That paired-row intercropping system had a cost benefit ratio of 4.86.
- Treatment
- Paired-row planting pigeonpea (120/60 cm) intercropped with vegetable soybean (1:3)e0
- Outcome
- cost benefit ratioe0
- Value
- 4.86e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Paired-row planting pigeonpea (120/60 cm) intercropped with vegetable soybean (1:3) found to be economically superior, with higher gross returns (Rs. 201992 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 160431 ha-1) and cost benefit ratio (4.86)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend paired-row pigeonpea with vegetable soybean for dryland red or light-textured soils.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Interactor
- vegetable soybeane0other
- Outcome
- can be recommended for regions with red or light-textured soilse0
- Setting
- dryland conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“paired pigeonpea intercropped with vegetable soybean is profitable system under dryland conditions and can be recommended for regions with red or light-textured soils”
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