Abstract
Abstract Background and aims Modern agriculture requires smart and sustainable fertilization approaches. A strategy to delay the nitrification losses involves the use of nitrification inhibitors. Similarly, biostimulants may enhance nutrient uptake efficiency. This study aims to evaluate the potential synergistic effects of the 3,4-DMPP nitrification inhibitor (NI) and an Ascophyllum nodosum -based biostimulant (ANb) in mitigating nitrogen losses while maintaining the growth and physiological performance of tomato plants under low-nitrogen conditions. Methods Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants were subjected to different levels of nitrogen regimes combined with NI and ANb applications. Physiological traits, yield, soil and leachate nitrogen dynamics were assessed. Untargeted metabolomics of leaves and roots was performed to elucidate treatment related metabolic reprogramming. Results Under nitrogen-limited conditions, the combined application of ANb and NI reduced NO 3 − in leached water by 48% compared to NI applied alone at 14 days after the transplant. This combined treatment enhanced photosynthetic efficiency (Phi2), during both early and late development stages, increasing Phi2 values by 34.1% and 73.5%, respectively, compared to 0% N-fertilization treatment. Untargeted metabolomics pointed out distinct metabolomic reprogramming triggered by the combination of NI with ANb, with the most pronounced modulations detected in early-stage leaves, in a way related to abiotic stress resilience, defence mechanisms, and carbon–nitrogen balance. Moreover, the combination of NI and low nitrogen resulted in lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in harvested leaves. Conclusions Our findings confirm the impact of NI in low nitrogen conditions, while outlining the complementary and positive contribution of its combination with ANb.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Combined ANb and NI reduced leached-water NO3 by 48% relative to NI alone at 14 days after transplant in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- combined application of ANb and NIe1
- Outcome
- NO 3 − in leached watere1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 48%e1
- Qualifier
- at 14 days after the transplante1
- Comparator
- NI applied alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato growth”
e1“the combined application of ANb and NI reduced NO 3 − in leached water by 48% compared to NI applied alone at 14 days after the transplant”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined ANb and NI increased Phi2 by 34.1% in early development stages of tomato compared with 0% N fertilization.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- earlye2
- Treatment
- combined treatmente2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiency (Phi2)e2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Value
- 34.1%e2
- Comparator
- 0% N-fertilization treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato growth”
e2“This combined treatment enhanced photosynthetic efficiency (Phi2), during both early and late development stages, increasing Phi2 values by 34.1% and 73.5%, respectively, compared to 0% N-fertilization treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined ANb and NI increased Phi2 by 73.5% in late development stages of tomato compared with 0% N fertilization.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- latee2
- Treatment
- combined treatmente2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic efficiency (Phi2)e2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Value
- 73.5%e2
- Comparator
- 0% N-fertilization treatmente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato growth”
e2“This combined treatment enhanced photosynthetic efficiency (Phi2), during both early and late development stages, increasing Phi2 values by 34.1% and 73.5%, respectively, compared to 0% N-fertilization treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of NI and low nitrogen lowered malondialdehyde accumulation in harvested tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- harvested leavese4
- Treatment
- combination of NI and low nitrogene4
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulatione4
- Direction
- lowere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato growth”
e4“the combination of NI and low nitrogen resulted in lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in harvested leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NI and ANb triggered distinct metabolomic reprogramming in tomato, most pronounced in early-stage leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- early-stage leavese5
- Treatment
- combination of NI with ANbe5
- Outcome
- metabolomic reprogramminge5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato growth”
e5“Untargeted metabolomics pointed out distinct metabolomic reprogramming triggered by the combination of NI with ANb, with the most pronounced modulations detected in early-stage leaves”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · physiology: oxidative · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.