Abstract
Strawberry powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera aphanis, severely impacts the yield and quality of strawberry fruit and necessitates sustainable control strategies. Here, we assessed the growth and hormone content of strawberry seedlings (Fragaria × ananassa ‘Hongyan’) to evaluate the abilities of four plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), Azospirillum brasilense, Phytobacter diazotrophicus, Variovorax soli, and Microbacterium phyllosphaerae, in a 42-day consecutive culture. Among all treatments, our results showed that the strains V. soli and M. phyllosphaerae increased the seedling biomass by 25.6–25.8% and decreased the disease index by 30–32.5% compared to the control. Moreover, the strain M. phyllosphaerae could produce 22.32 μg·mg−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) after 24 h in a consecutive culture system and still maintain the IAA at 8.12 ng·mg−1 in seedlings. In addition, the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) hormones of the seedlings increased by 293% and 35.3% after inoculating with V. soli and M. phyllosphaerae, respectively. Further analysis of the coordination between plant hormones and plant growth showed that the accumulation of SA might have had a positive relation with biomass, whereas JA was negative under powdery mildew infection. These findings highlight that the V. soli and M. phyllosphaerae strains could offer the dual benefits of growth promotion and different defense strategies against powdery mildew for sustainable strawberry production.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Strains V. soli and M. phyllosphaerae increased strawberry seedling biomass by 25.6–25.8% compared to the control.
- Taxon
- Fragaria × ananassa
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Material
- Hongyane0
- Treatment
- the strains V. soli and M. phyllosphaeraee1
- Interactor
- V. soliVariovorax solie1other
- Second interactor
- M. phyllosphaeraeMicrobacterium phyllosphaeraee1other
- Outcome
- seedling biomasse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 25.6–25.8%e1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“strawberry seedlings (Fragaria × ananassa ‘Hongyan’)”
e1“the strains V. soli and M. phyllosphaerae increased the seedling biomass by 25.6–25.8% and decreased the disease index by 30–32.5% compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Strains V. soli and M. phyllosphaerae decreased the powdery mildew disease index by 30–32.5% compared to the control in strawberry seedlings.
- Taxon
- Fragaria × ananassaFragaria ×ananassae0
- Material
- Hongyane0
- Treatment
- the strains V. soli and M. phyllosphaeraee1
- Interactor
- Podosphaera aphanis
Podosphaera aphanise2pathogen - Second interactor
- V. soliVariovorax solie1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease indexe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 30–32.5%e1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry seedlings (Fragaria × ananassa ‘Hongyan’)”
e1“the strains V. soli and M. phyllosphaerae increased the seedling biomass by 25.6–25.8% and decreased the disease index by 30–32.5% compared to the control”
e2“Podosphaera aphanis”
Claim · model-written summary
The strain M. phyllosphaerae produced 22.32 μg·mg−1 indole-3-acetic acid after 24 h in a consecutive culture system.
- Taxon
- M. phyllosphaeraeMicrobacterium phyllosphaeraee1
- Outcome
- indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)e1
- Value
- 22.32 μg·mg−1e1
- Setting
- consecutive culture systeme1
Verbatim
e1“the strain M. phyllosphaerae could produce 22.32 μg·mg−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) after 24 h in a consecutive culture system”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA was still maintained at 8.12 ng·mg−1 in strawberry seedlings with the strain M. phyllosphaerae.
- Taxon
- strawberry seedlingsFragaria ×ananassae0
- Interactor
- M. phyllosphaeraeMicrobacterium phyllosphaeraee1other
- Outcome
- IAAe1
- Value
- 8.12 ng·mg−1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry seedlings (Fragaria × ananassa ‘Hongyan’)”
e1“the strain M. phyllosphaerae could produce 22.32 μg·mg−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) after 24 h in a consecutive culture system and still maintain the IAA at 8.12 ng·mg−1 in seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid in seedlings increased by 293% after inoculation with V. soli.
- Taxon
- Fragaria × ananassaFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- inoculating with V. solie1
- Interactor
- V. soliVariovorax solie1other
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 293%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry seedlings (Fragaria × ananassa ‘Hongyan’)”
e1“the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) hormones of the seedlings increased by 293% and 35.3% after inoculating with V. soli and M. phyllosphaerae, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid in seedlings increased by 35.3% after inoculation with M. phyllosphaerae.
- Taxon
- Fragaria × ananassaFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- M. phyllosphaeraee1
- Interactor
- M. phyllosphaeraeMicrobacterium phyllosphaeraee1other
- Outcome
- jasmonic acid (JA)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 35.3%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry seedlings (Fragaria × ananassa ‘Hongyan’)”
e1“the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) hormones of the seedlings increased by 293% and 35.3% after inoculating with V. soli and M. phyllosphaerae, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
SA accumulation might have had a positive relation with biomass in strawberry seedlings under powdery mildew infection.
- Taxon
- strawberry seedlingsFragaria ×ananassae0
- Compound
- SAe1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- positive relatione1
- Qualifier
- under powdery mildew infectione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry seedlings (Fragaria × ananassa ‘Hongyan’)”
e1“the accumulation of SA might have had a positive relation with biomass, whereas JA was negative under powdery mildew infection”
Claim · model-written summary
JA was negatively related to biomass in strawberry seedlings under powdery mildew infection.
- Taxon
- strawberry seedlingsFragaria ×ananassae0
- Compound
- JAe1
- Outcome
- biomasse1
- Direction
- negativee1
- Qualifier
- under powdery mildew infectione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry seedlings (Fragaria × ananassa ‘Hongyan’)”
e1“the accumulation of SA might have had a positive relation with biomass, whereas JA was negative under powdery mildew infection”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · physiology: hormones · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.