Abstract
This study analyzed the species composition and population structure of phytopathogenic fungi in short-rotation sugar beet agrocenoses of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Based on 150 samples (90 roots and 60 rhizosphere soil samples) collected from fields of PE “Zakhidnyi Buh”, a total of 240 fungal isolates were identified. The dominant taxa included Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Phoma betae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea, accounting for more than 90% of the rhizosphere mycobiota. The genus Fusarium was the most abundant (48 ± 3.5%), forming a stable infectious core of the agroecosystem. Short-rotation crop sequences (wheat-soybean-beet and maize-soybean-beet) were found to increase the isolation frequency of F. oxysporum by 25–30% and Phoma betae by 18–22% compared with other systems, while the share of Rhizoctonia solani in rotations with maize reached 16%. Soil type significantly influenced the species profile: F. oxysporum predominated in calcareous sandy soils (≈35%), whereas F. solani and P. betae were dominant in chernozems. Morphological variability of Fusarium isolates (pigmentation and sporulation level of 2.5×10⁵–1.8×10⁶ spores mL⁻¹) indicated high adaptability and potential for the formation of virulent races. Ecological analysis revealed a low alpha-diversity level (H′ = 1.13–1.32) and a high dominance index (D = 0.42–0.51), indicating structural simplification and increased pathogen specialization. Three functional fungal groups were distinguished – primary pathogens (Fusarium spp.), opportunists (Phoma betae), and necrotrophs (Rhizoctonia, Botrytis) – which form a hierarchical model of the parasitic complex. The results confirm the cumulative effect of short crop rotations and demonstrate the necessity of integrating biocontrol agents (Trichoderma, Gliocladium) and ecological soil sanitation measures to restore microbial balance and reduce infection pressure in short-rotation systems of the Western Forest-Steppe.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
The study identified 240 fungal isolates from root and rhizosphere samples.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“a total of 240 fungal isolates were identified”
Claim · model-written summary
Five dominant fungal taxa accounted for more than 90% of rhizosphere mycobiota.
- Taxon
- Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Phoma betae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporum
Botrytis cinerea_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solani
Rhizoctonia solaniNeocamarosporium betaee0 - Outcome
- rhizosphere mycobiotae0
- Direction
- dominante0
- Value
- more than 90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The dominant taxa included Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Phoma betae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea, accounting for more than 90% of the rhizosphere mycobiota”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium was most abundant at 48 ± 3.5%, forming a stable infectious core.
- Outcome
- most abundante0
- Direction
- most abundante0
- Value
- 48 ± 3.5%e0
- Qualifier
- forming a stable infectious coree0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The genus Fusarium was the most abundant (48 ± 3.5%), forming a stable infectious core of the agroecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Short rotations increased F. oxysporum isolation frequency by 25–30% compared with other systems.
- Taxon
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0
- Treatment
- Short-rotation crop sequencese0
- Outcome
- isolation frequency of F. oxysporume0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 25–30%e0
- Comparator
- other systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Short-rotation crop sequences (wheat-soybean-beet and maize-soybean-beet) were found to increase the isolation frequency of F. oxysporum by 25–30% and Phoma betae by 18–22% compared with other systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Short rotations increased Phoma betae isolation frequency by 18–22% compared with other systems.
Verbatim
e0“Short-rotation crop sequences (wheat-soybean-beet and maize-soybean-beet) were found to increase the isolation frequency of F. oxysporum by 25–30% and Phoma betae by 18–22% compared with other systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia solani share reached 16% in maize rotations.
- Taxon
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie0
- Outcome
- share of Rhizoctonia solanie0
- Direction
- reachede0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Qualifier
- rotations with maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the share of Rhizoctonia solani in rotations with maize reached 16%”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil type significantly influenced fungal species profiles.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Soil type significantly influenced the species profile”
t0“phytopathogenic fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum predominated at approximately 35% in calcareous sandy soils.
- Taxon
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0
- Outcome
- predominatede0
- Direction
- predominatede0
- Value
- ≈35%e0
- Setting
- calcareous sandy soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. oxysporum predominated in calcareous sandy soils (≈35%)”
Claim · model-written summary
F. solani was dominant in chernozems.
- Taxon
- F. solaniFusarium solanie0
- Outcome
- dominante0
- Direction
- dominante0
- Setting
- chernozemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F. solani and P. betae were dominant in chernozems”
Claim · model-written summary
P. betae was dominant in chernozems.
- Taxon
- P. betaeNeocamarosporium betaee0
- Outcome
- dominante0
- Direction
- dominante0
- Setting
- chernozemse0
Verbatim
e0“F. solani and P. betae were dominant in chernozems”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium isolates varied in pigmentation and sporulation, suggesting adaptability and potential virulent races.
- Outcome
- pigmentation and sporulation levele0
- Value
- 2.5×10⁵–1.8×10⁶ spores mL⁻¹e0
- Qualifier
- high adaptability and potential for the formation of virulent racese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morphological variability of Fusarium isolates (pigmentation and sporulation level of 2.5×10⁵–1.8×10⁶ spores mL⁻¹) indicated high adaptability and potential for the formation of virulent races”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal alpha diversity was low, with H′ of 1.13–1.32.
Verbatim
t0“phytopathogenic fungi”
e0“a low alpha-diversity level (H′ = 1.13–1.32)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal dominance was high, with D of 0.42–0.51.
Verbatim
t0“phytopathogenic fungi”
e0“a high dominance index (D = 0.42–0.51), indicating structural simplification and increased pathogen specialization”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium spp. were classified as primary pathogens.
- Outcome
- primary pathogense0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“primary pathogens (Fusarium spp.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phoma betae was classified as an opportunist.
- Taxon
- Phoma betaeNeocamarosporium betaee0
- Outcome
- opportunistse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“opportunists (Phoma betae)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizoctonia was classified as a necrotroph.
- Taxon
- Rhizoctonia
.jpg?width=60)
Rhizoctoniae0 - Outcome
- necrotrophse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“necrotrophs (Rhizoctonia, Botrytis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Botrytis was classified as a necrotroph.
- Outcome
- necrotrophse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“necrotrophs (Rhizoctonia, Botrytis)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend integrating biocontrol and soil sanitation to restore balance and reduce infection pressure.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0 - Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae0biocontrol_agent - Second interactor
- Gliocladium
Gliocladiume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- integrating biocontrol agents (Trichoderma, Gliocladium) and ecological soil sanitation measurese0
- Setting
- Western Forest-Steppee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sugar beet”
e0“the necessity of integrating biocontrol agents (Trichoderma, Gliocladium) and ecological soil sanitation measures to restore microbial balance and reduce infection pressure in short-rotation systems of the Western Forest-Steppe”