Abstract
in improving the seed quality, but the specific mechanism which contributes to the seed enhancement and nutrient acquisition remains uninvest gated. Priming with potassium nitrate (KNO₃) is a promising strategy to enhance seed quality and seedling performance under suboptimal conditions. The effects of KNO₃ priming on both seed metabolism and germination and early seed growth in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is investigated in this study. Seeds were seeded with four KNO₃-primed tomato in varying concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) for 21 h. In this present study, 1% of KNO₃ is the most effective concentration, which significantly improves germination percentage, seedling dry weight, germination speed, and seed vigour indices compared to both control and hydroprimed seeds. Validation across three varieties of tomato further confirmed the effectiveness of 1.0% KNO₃ priming on seed quality. It regulates seed physiological activity by increasing total chlorophyll, total soluble protein, total soluble sugar, and proline levels, along with elevated antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) in primed seedlings. It helps in reducing the deterioration of the membrane, indicated by a reduction in MDA content. Root scanning in three varieties showed further enhancement in root morphology, indicated by elevated levels of average diameter, total root volume, root length, total surface area, and nodule tips. The present study also focuses on emphasizing the benefit of seed quality and root architecture of tomato by using KNO₃ priming, and thereby serve as an efficient means to enhance both seedling establishment and seed performance.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
1% KNO3 was the most effective priming concentration among 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% tested on tomato seeds.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- 1% of KNO₃e1
- Outcome
- effective concentratione1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Comparator
- varying concentrationse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L)”
e1“1% of KNO₃ is the most effective concentration, which significantly improves germination percentage, seedling dry weight, germination speed, and seed vigour indices compared to both control and hydroprimed seeds”
e6“Seeds were seeded with four KNO₃-primed tomato in varying concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) for 21 h”
Claim · model-written summary
1% KNO3 priming significantly improved germination percentage, seedling dry weight and germination speed of tomato compared with control and hydroprimed seeds.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1% of KNO₃e1
- Outcome
- germination percentage, seedling dry weight, germination speede1
- Direction
- improvese1
- Comparator
- control and hydroprimed seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L)”
e1“1% of KNO₃ is the most effective concentration, which significantly improves germination percentage, seedling dry weight, germination speed, and seed vigour indices compared to both control and hydroprimed seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
1% KNO3 priming significantly improved seed vigour indices of tomato compared with control and hydroprimed seeds.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1% of KNO₃e1
- Outcome
- seed vigour indicese1
- Direction
- improvese1
- Comparator
- control and hydroprimed seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L)”
e1“1% of KNO₃ is the most effective concentration, which significantly improves germination percentage, seedling dry weight, germination speed, and seed vigour indices compared to both control and hydroprimed seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The effectiveness of 1.0% KNO3 priming on seed quality was confirmed across three tomato varieties.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- three varieties of tomatoe2
- Treatment
- 1.0% KNO₃ priminge2
- Outcome
- seed qualitye2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L)”
e2“Validation across three varieties of tomato further confirmed the effectiveness of 1.0% KNO₃ priming on seed quality”
Claim · model-written summary
KNO3 priming increased total chlorophyll, total soluble protein and total soluble sugar in primed tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- primed seedlingse3
- Treatment
- 1% of KNO₃e1
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll, total soluble protein, total soluble sugare3
- Direction
- increasinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L)”
e1“1% of KNO₃ is the most effective concentration, which significantly improves germination percentage, seedling dry weight, germination speed, and seed vigour indices compared to both control and hydroprimed seeds”
e3“It regulates seed physiological activity by increasing total chlorophyll, total soluble protein, total soluble sugar, and proline levels, along with elevated antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) in primed seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
KNO3 priming increased proline levels in primed tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- primed seedlingse3
- Treatment
- 1% of KNO₃e1
- Outcome
- proline levelse3
- Direction
- increasinge3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L)”
e1“1% of KNO₃ is the most effective concentration, which significantly improves germination percentage, seedling dry weight, germination speed, and seed vigour indices compared to both control and hydroprimed seeds”
e3“It regulates seed physiological activity by increasing total chlorophyll, total soluble protein, total soluble sugar, and proline levels, along with elevated antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) in primed seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
KNO3 priming elevated antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, in primed tomato seedlings.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- primed seedlingse3
- Treatment
- 1% of KNO₃e1
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e3
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese3
- Direction
- elevatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L)”
e1“1% of KNO₃ is the most effective concentration, which significantly improves germination percentage, seedling dry weight, germination speed, and seed vigour indices compared to both control and hydroprimed seeds”
e3“It regulates seed physiological activity by increasing total chlorophyll, total soluble protein, total soluble sugar, and proline levels, along with elevated antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) in primed seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
KNO3 priming reduced MDA content in tomato seedlings, indicating less membrane deterioration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 1% of KNO₃e1
- Outcome
- MDA contente4
- Direction
- reductione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L)”
e1“1% of KNO₃ is the most effective concentration, which significantly improves germination percentage, seedling dry weight, germination speed, and seed vigour indices compared to both control and hydroprimed seeds”
e4“It helps in reducing the deterioration of the membrane, indicated by a reduction in MDA content”
Claim · model-written summary
KNO3 priming elevated average root diameter, total root volume and root length of tomato in three varieties.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- three varietiese5
- Organ / stage
- root morphologye5
- Treatment
- 1% of KNO₃e1
- Outcome
- average diameter, total root volume, root lengthe5
- Direction
- elevatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L)”
e1“1% of KNO₃ is the most effective concentration, which significantly improves germination percentage, seedling dry weight, germination speed, and seed vigour indices compared to both control and hydroprimed seeds”
e5“Root scanning in three varieties showed further enhancement in root morphology, indicated by elevated levels of average diameter, total root volume, root length, total surface area, and nodule tips”
Claim · model-written summary
KNO3 priming elevated total surface area and nodule tips of tomato roots in three varieties.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- three varietiese5
- Organ / stage
- root morphologye5
- Treatment
- 1% of KNO₃e1
- Outcome
- total surface area, and nodule tipse5
- Direction
- elevatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L)”
e1“1% of KNO₃ is the most effective concentration, which significantly improves germination percentage, seedling dry weight, germination speed, and seed vigour indices compared to both control and hydroprimed seeds”
e5“Root scanning in three varieties showed further enhancement in root morphology, indicated by elevated levels of average diameter, total root volume, root length, total surface area, and nodule tips”
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