Abstract
Flooding significantly affects rice survival due to fast oxygen depletion, and the possible use of nitrate (NO3-) as an alternate terminal electron acceptor to enable anaerobic metabolism remains little investigated. In particular, the efficiency of different NO3 - compounds in increasing submergence tolerance across different rice cultivars has received little attention. Six rice cultivars-OM4900, OM6976, OM4218, IR50404, OM7347 and IR64Sub1-were tested for their flooding responses during 5-10 and 15-day submergence periods in dark conditions. Additionally, the effects of exogenous NO3 - treatments on seedling survival were evaluated. After 5 days, IR64Sub1, OM7347 and OM4900 exhibited the highest survival rates (86, 83 and 81 %, respectively). Survival sharply decreased after 10 days, with most cultivars falling below 26 %, except OM7347 and IR64Sub1, which were reduced to 38.7 and 30.7 %, respectively. At 15 days, survival was ≤10 % for all lines. Light significantly improved survival (72.91 %) compared with dark conditions (12.31 %), and darkness induced a 142.252 % increase in soluble sugar levels, demonstrating the importance of carbohydrate reserves under hypoxia. Application of 3 mg L-1 calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) increased survival after 10-day submergence by 47.7 % in OM4218, 53 % in OM4900, and 40 % in IR64Sub1, while silver nitrate (AgNO3) stimulated shoot elongation (up to 4.42 cm). Calcium nitrate also increased soluble sugar accumulation to 2.91.5.31 mg g-1 dry weight (DW). Dissolved oxygen measurements showed delayed oxygen depletion under Ca(NO3)2 and elevated oxygen availability with AgNO3. These results highlight the novel role of NO3 - compounds in enhancing rice submergence tolerance and provide a foundation for further elucidation of NO3- mediated mechanisms of anaerobic survival.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
IR64Sub1 had 86 % survival after five days in darkness.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- IR64Sub1e0
- Outcome
- survival ratese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 86e0
- Qualifier
- After 5 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 5 days, IR64Sub1, OM7347 and OM4900 exhibited the highest survival rates (86, 83 and 81 %, respectively).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OM7347 had 83 % survival after five days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- OM7347e0
- Outcome
- survival ratese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 83e0
- Qualifier
- After 5 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 5 days, IR64Sub1, OM7347 and OM4900 exhibited the highest survival rates (86, 83 and 81 %, respectively).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OM4900 had 81 % survival after five days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- OM4900e0
- Outcome
- survival ratese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 81 %e0
- Qualifier
- After 5 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 5 days, IR64Sub1, OM7347 and OM4900 exhibited the highest survival rates (86, 83 and 81 %, respectively).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Most rice cultivars fell below 26 % survival after ten days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 10 dayse0
- Outcome
- Survivale0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- below 26 %e0
- Qualifier
- except OM7347 and IR64Sub1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival sharply decreased after 10 days, with most cultivars falling below 26 %, except OM7347 and IR64Sub1, which were reduced to 38.7 and 30.7 %, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OM7347 survival declined to 38.7 % after ten days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- OM7347e0
- Treatment
- 10 dayse0
- Outcome
- Survivale0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 38.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival sharply decreased after 10 days, with most cultivars falling below 26 %, except OM7347 and IR64Sub1, which were reduced to 38.7 and 30.7 %, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IR64Sub1 survival declined to 30.7 % after ten days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR64Sub1e0
- Treatment
- 10 dayse0
- Outcome
- Survivale0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30.7 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival sharply decreased after 10 days, with most cultivars falling below 26 %, except OM7347 and IR64Sub1, which were reduced to 38.7 and 30.7 %, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
All rice lines had survival at most 10 % after fifteen days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Value
- ≤10 %e0
- Qualifier
- At 15 dayse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 15 days, survival was ≤10 % for all lines.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Light significantly improved rice survival to 72.91 % versus 12.31 % in darkness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Lighte0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 72.91 %e0
- Qualifier
- 12.31 %e0
- Comparator
- dark conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Light significantly improved survival (72.91 %) compared with dark conditions (12.31 %)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Darkness increased rice soluble sugars by 142.252 %.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- darknesse0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar levelse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 142.252 %e0
- Qualifier
- under hypoxiae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“darkness induced a 142.252 % increase in soluble sugar levels, demonstrating the importance of carbohydrate reserves under hypoxia.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate increased OM4218 survival by 47.7 % after ten-day submergence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- OM4218e0
- Treatment
- 3 mg L-1 calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2)e0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 47.7 %e0
- Qualifier
- after 10-day submergencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 3 mg L-1 calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) increased survival after 10-day submergence by 47.7 % in OM4218, 53 % in OM4900, and 40 % in IR64Sub1”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate increased OM4900 survival by 53 % after ten-day submergence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- OM4900e0
- Treatment
- 3 mg L-1 calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2)e0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 53 %e0
- Qualifier
- after 10-day submergencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 3 mg L-1 calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) increased survival after 10-day submergence by 47.7 % in OM4218, 53 % in OM4900, and 40 % in IR64Sub1”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate increased IR64Sub1 survival by 40 % after ten-day submergence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IR64Sub1e0
- Treatment
- 3 mg L-1 calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2)e0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 40 %e0
- Qualifier
- after 10-day submergencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 3 mg L-1 calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) increased survival after 10-day submergence by 47.7 % in OM4218, 53 % in OM4900, and 40 % in IR64Sub1”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver nitrate stimulated rice shoot elongation up to 4.42 cm.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- silver nitrate (AgNO3)e0
- Outcome
- shoot elongatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Value
- up to 4.42 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silver nitrate (AgNO3) stimulated shoot elongation (up to 4.42 cm).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate increased rice soluble sugar accumulation to the reported damaged range 2.91.5.31 mg g-1 DW.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Calcium nitratee0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.91.5.31 mg g-1 dry weight (DW)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium nitrate also increased soluble sugar accumulation to 2.91.5.31 mg g-1 dry weight (DW).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate delayed oxygen depletion in the rice experiment.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Dissolved oxygen measurements showed delayed oxygen depletion under Ca(NO3)2 and elevated oxygen availability with AgNO3.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver nitrate elevated oxygen availability in the rice experiment.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Dissolved oxygen measurements showed delayed oxygen depletion under Ca(NO3)2 and elevated oxygen availability with AgNO3.”
The same questions in other papers
light · survival · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.