Abstract
Potassium (K) is an essential element in tobacco production, especially in Shandong, the main tobacco-growing province in China, where the improvement of tobacco yield and quality is limited by soil K deficiency, thus potassium sulfate (K 2 SO 4 ) fertilizer is popularly applied by farmers. However, it is unknown how soil physicochemical characteristics and tobacco growth respond to the utilization of K 2 SO 4 fertilizer in the long term. This study aimed to determine the optimal application amount of K 2 SO 4 fertilizer to improve soil health and enhance tobacco leaf K content without yield loss. Four treatments were tested, namely mixes of 82.5 kg a.i. ha −1 K 2 O + 66.0 kg a.i. ha −1 sulfur (K 82.5 + S 66 ), 165.0 + 95.7 (K 165 + S 95.7 ), 247.5 + 125.4 (K 247.5 + S 125.4 ) and no fertilizer (CK). Excessive use of K 2 SO 4 fertilizer led to soil acidification and a significant decrease in arylsulfatase activity. Soil available potassium (AK) and pH, that exhibited diverse responses over course of 10 years, increased and decreased with the amount of K 2 SO 4 fertilizer applied, respectively. Moreover, the K content in tobacco plants significantly increased after K 2 SO 4 fertilizer application, with that in tobacco leaves being 162.3% and 45.2% higher than that in tobacco roots and stems, respectively. Soil AK exhibited a significant positive correlation with the K content in tobacco roots, stems, and leaves, while soil pH showed the opposite performance. Soil pH is a pivotal factor influencing soil physicochemical characteristics, total dry matter and the K content in tobacco tissue. The application of K 165 + S 95.7 was more reasonable and economical in terms of matter accumulation. We concluded that the optimal application rate in Shandong was K 165 + S 95.7 , which not only improved soil health and tobacco leaf K content but also reduced input without causing yield loss.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive potassium sulfate use acidified soil.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume1 - Treatment
- Excessive use of K 2 SO 4 fertilizere0
- Outcome
- soil acidificatione0
- Direction
- acidificatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive use of K 2 SO 4 fertilizer led to soil acidification”
e1“tobacco production”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive potassium sulfate significantly decreased soil arylsulfatase activity.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- Excessive use of K 2 SO 4 fertilizere0
- Outcome
- arylsulfatase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Excessive use of K 2 SO 4 fertilizer led to soil acidification and a significant decrease in arylsulfatase activity”
e1“tobacco production”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil available potassium increased with fertilizer amount.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- amount of K 2 SO 4 fertilizer appliede0
- Outcome
- Soil available potassium (AK)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil available potassium (AK) and pH, that exhibited diverse responses over course of 10 years, increased and decreased with the amount of K 2 SO 4 fertilizer applied, respectively”
e1“tobacco production”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH decreased with fertilizer amount.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- amount of K 2 SO 4 fertilizer appliede0
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil available potassium (AK) and pH, that exhibited diverse responses over course of 10 years, increased and decreased with the amount of K 2 SO 4 fertilizer applied, respectively”
e1“tobacco production”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer application significantly increased potassium content in tobacco plants.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- K 2 SO 4 fertilizer applicatione0
- Outcome
- K content in tobacco plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the K content in tobacco plants significantly increased after K 2 SO 4 fertilizer application”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf potassium content was 162.3% higher than root content.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Organ / stage
- tobacco leavese0
- Outcome
- K contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 162.3%e0
- Comparator
- tobacco rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K content in tobacco plants significantly increased after K 2 SO 4 fertilizer application, with that in tobacco leaves being 162.3% and 45.2% higher than that in tobacco roots and stems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf potassium content was 45.2% higher than stem content.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Organ / stage
- tobacco leavese0
- Outcome
- K contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 45.2%e0
- Comparator
- stemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K content in tobacco plants significantly increased after K 2 SO 4 fertilizer application, with that in tobacco leaves being 162.3% and 45.2% higher than that in tobacco roots and stems, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil available potassium correlated positively with tobacco potassium content in roots, stems and leaves.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- K content in tobacco roots, stems, and leavese0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Comparator
- Soil AKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil AK exhibited a significant positive correlation with the K content in tobacco roots, stems, and leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH correlated oppositely with tobacco tissue potassium content.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- K content in tobacco roots, stems, and leavese0
- Direction
- oppositee0
- Comparator
- soil pHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil AK exhibited a significant positive correlation with the K content in tobacco roots, stems, and leaves, while soil pH showed the opposite performance”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH influenced soil properties, total dry matter and tissue potassium.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- soil physicochemical characteristics, total dry matter and the K content in tobacco tissuee0
- Comparator
- Soil pHe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil pH is a pivotal factor influencing soil physicochemical characteristics, total dry matter and the K content in tobacco tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
K 165 + S 95.7 was more reasonable and economical for matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume1
- Treatment
- K 165 + S 95.7e0
- Outcome
- more reasonable and economical in terms of matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- more reasonable and economicale0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of K 165 + S 95.7 was more reasonable and economical in terms of matter accumulation”
e1“tobacco production”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend K 165 + S 95.7 in Shandong for soil health, leaf potassium and lower input without yield loss.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Outcome
- optimal application rate in Shandong was K 165 + S 95.7e0
- Qualifier
- improved soil health and tobacco leaf K content but also reduced input without causing yield losse0
- Setting
- Shandonge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the optimal application rate in Shandong was K 165 + S 95.7 , which not only improved soil health and tobacco leaf K content but also reduced input without causing yield loss”
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