Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is a major disease affecting California strawberry production. Following the phaseout of methyl bromide, an integrated approach is necessary to alleviate disease pressure. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of integrating sequential fumigant applications, crop termination, bed fumigation, and a moderately resistant cultivar on disease incidence and yields. For crop termination, metam potassium or metam sodium was utilized; for bed fumigation, either of the metam products or chloropicrin was utilized. ‘Seascape’ and ‘Valiant’ were utilized to evaluate the integration of genetic resistance following fumigation. In both trials, total and marketable yields were statistically similar between plots that were only bed fumigated and those sequentially crop terminated and bed fumigated. In trial 1, in which the initial V. dahliae inoculum and disease pressure were high, sequential crop termination with metam potassium followed by bed fumigation with chloropicrin produced the highest average total (21.8 ± 0.7 kg) and marketable (16.4 ± 0.7 kg) yields and significantly reduced disease incidence compared with the nontreated control. In contrast, trial 2 exhibited lower overall disease incidence due to reduced inoculum levels and cooler, wetter conditions; no significant yield differences were observed among treatments. Across both trials, Seascape produced higher average total yields than Valiant, but cultivar resistance did not consistently reduce disease incidence. These results indicate that fumigation remains most effective under high inoculum conditions, whereas the benefit of additional crop termination or genetic resistance is diminished under low disease pressure. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Total and marketable strawberry yields were statistically similar with bed fumigation alone and sequential crop termination plus bed fumigation.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- sequentially crop terminated and bed fumigatede0
- Outcome
- total and marketable yieldse0
- Direction
- statistically similare0
- Comparator
- only bed fumigatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In both trials, total and marketable yields were statistically similar between plots that were only bed fumigated and those sequentially crop terminated and bed fumigated.”
t0“Strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
In high disease pressure trial 1, sequential metam potassium crop termination and chloropicrin bed fumigation gave the highest average total yield, 21.8 ± 0.7 kg.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- sequential crop termination with metam potassium followed by bed fumigation with chloropicrine0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee1pathogene0 - Outcome
- totale0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 21.8 ± 0.7 kge0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sequential crop termination with metam potassium followed by bed fumigation with chloropicrin produced the highest average total (21.8 ± 0.7 kg) and marketable (16.4 ± 0.7 kg) yields and significantly reduced disease incidence compared with the nontreated control.”
t0“Verticillium Wilt Incidence in California Strawberry Production”
e1“Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment gave the highest average marketable yield, 16.4 ± 0.7 kg.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- sequential crop termination with metam potassium followed by bed fumigation with chloropicrine0
- Outcome
- marketablee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 16.4 ± 0.7 kge0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sequential crop termination with metam potassium followed by bed fumigation with chloropicrin produced the highest average total (21.8 ± 0.7 kg) and marketable (16.4 ± 0.7 kg) yields and significantly reduced disease incidence compared with the nontreated control.”
t0“Strawberry Production”
Claim · model-written summary
The sequential metam potassium and chloropicrin treatment significantly reduced disease incidence versus the nontreated control.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- sequential crop termination with metam potassium followed by bed fumigation with chloropicrine0
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliaeVerticillium dahliaee1pathogene0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- nontreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sequential crop termination with metam potassium followed by bed fumigation with chloropicrin produced the highest average total (21.8 ± 0.7 kg) and marketable (16.4 ± 0.7 kg) yields and significantly reduced disease incidence compared with the nontreated control.”
t0“Verticillium Wilt Incidence in California Strawberry Production”
e1“Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae”
Claim · model-written summary
Trial 2 had lower disease incidence with reduced inoculum and cooler, wetter conditions.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- reduced inoculum levels and cooler, wetter conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trial 2 exhibited lower overall disease incidence due to reduced inoculum levels and cooler, wetter conditions”
t0“Strawberry Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Trial 2 showed no significant yield differences among treatments.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yield differencese0
- Direction
- no significante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant yield differences were observed among treatments.”
t0“Strawberry Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Seascape produced higher average total yields than Valiant across both trials.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- Seascapee0
- Outcome
- average total yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Valiante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across both trials, Seascape produced higher average total yields than Valiant, but cultivar resistance did not consistently reduce disease incidence.”
t0“Strawberry Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar resistance did not consistently reduce disease incidence.
- Taxon
- StrawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Material
- cultivar resistancee0
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- did not consistently reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cultivar resistance did not consistently reduce disease incidence.”
t0“Strawberry Production”
The same questions in other papers
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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solarization · Verticillium dahliae · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.