Abstract
Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg, a species thatbelongs to the Myrtaceae family, is popularly known asgabiroba. Several therapeutic properties are attributed tothe various Campomanesia species, such as treatingdiarrhea, fever, cystitis and urethritis. This project aims atcontributing through a chemical and pharmacological studyof lyophilized hydrated alcohol extract and the vegetabledrug made from leaves. The pharmacological and botanicalfeatures of the vegetable drug are indicated in order to helpwith the diagnosis. Main macroscopic features of thedehydrated leaves include: wavy edges, translucent bladespots, venation type, blade and leafstalk forms and scent.The main anatomical features are: dorsiventral mesophyll;large idoblasts containing prismatic crystal in the palisadeparenchyma; predominance of anomocytic stomata in thehypostomatic leaves, globose segregating cavity associatedto both surfaces, covered by cells organized in pairs wherethe commissure wall appears straight, sinuous, or in zigzag;bicollateral vascular bundle and system organized in an openarch, prismatic crystals in the phloem region.Photomicographs illustrate the study. The phytochemicalscreening of the vegetable drug and the lyophilized extract(EHA) indicated the presence of essential oil, flavonoids,tannins and saponins. The essential oil content in the freshleaves was 0.11%. Linalol (29%) and globulol (20%) wereidentified as the main oil components. Tannin content was2.86% in the drug and 8.49% in the EHA extract. The saponincontent was 6.27% in the drug and 16% in the EHA extract.The extract displayed a high antioxidant activity in the modelof malonyl dialdehyde production measure with Q1/2= 0,2891ìg/mL. In the copper sulfate-induced lipoperoxydationinhibition assay the EHA extract significantly reduced Lagtime and Peak-time for low-density lipoprotein (LDL)oxidability. The EHA extract displayed antiulceration activityin the acute induction model by hydrochloric acid in ethanol,with a 62% protection percentage. The EHA extract displayedantibacterial activity with: CMI >1,000 and <500 mg/mLrelative to Staphylococcus aureus; CMI <500 and >100 mg/mL for Salmonella cholerasuis and CMI <1.000 and >500mg/mL regarding Candida albicans. The EHA extractdisplayed cytotoxic activity in the artemias lethality trial,with DL50 of 0,503 mg/mL. The EHA extract displayed notoxicity in the acute toxicity trial in the 5g/kilo oral dosageper animal body weight.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Dehydrated Campomanesia xanthocarpa leaves show wavy edges and translucent blade spots among their main macroscopic features.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpa
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Campomanesia xanthocarpat0 - Organ / stage
- dehydrated leavese0
- Outcome
- macroscopic featurese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpeg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“Main macroscopic features of the dehydrated leaves include: wavy edges, translucent blade spots”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaves have a dorsiventral mesophyll among their main anatomical features.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Outcome
- dorsiventral mesophylle0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“The main anatomical features are: dorsiventral mesophyll”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytochemical screening of the drug and lyophilized extract indicated the presence of essential oil and flavonoids.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Outcome
- essential oil, flavonoidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“presence of essential oil, flavonoids”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytochemical screening of the drug and lyophilized extract indicated the presence of tannins and saponins.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Outcome
- tannins and saponinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“tannins and saponins”
Claim · model-written summary
The essential oil content in the fresh leaves was 0.11%.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Outcome
- essential oil contente0
- Value
- 0.11%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“essential oil content”
e1“0.11%”
Claim · model-written summary
Linalol (29%) was identified as a main component of the essential oil.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Outcome
- Linalole0
- Value
- 29%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“Linalol (29%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Globulol (20%) was identified as a main component of the essential oil.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Outcome
- globulole0
- Value
- 20%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“globulol (20%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tannin content of the vegetable drug was 2.86%.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Material
- druge1
- Outcome
- Tannin contente0
- Value
- 2.86%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“Tannin content”
e1“2.86% in the drug”
Claim · model-written summary
Tannin content of the lyophilized hydrated alcohol extract (EHA) was 8.49%.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Material
- EHA extracte1
- Outcome
- Tannin contente0
- Value
- 8.49%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“Tannin content”
e1“8.49% in the EHA extract”
Claim · model-written summary
Saponin content of the vegetable drug was 6.27%.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Material
- druge1
- Outcome
- saponine0
- Value
- 6.27%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“The saponin”
e1“6.27% in the drug”
Claim · model-written summary
Saponin content of the lyophilized hydrated alcohol extract (EHA) was 16%.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Material
- EHA extracte1
- Outcome
- saponine0
- Value
- 16%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“The saponin”
e1“16% in the EHA extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract displayed a high antioxidant activity in the malonyl dialdehyde production model.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“displayed a high antioxidant activity”
Claim · model-written summary
The EHA extract significantly reduced lag time and peak time of low-density lipoprotein oxidability in the copper sulfate-induced assay.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Outcome
- low-density lipoproteine1
- Direction
- significantly reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“significantly reduced Lag”
e1“low-density lipoprotein”
Claim · model-written summary
The EHA extract showed antiulceration activity in the acute hydrochloric acid in ethanol induction model, with 62% protection.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Outcome
- antiulceration activitye0
- Value
- 62% protection percentagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“antiulceration activity”
e1“62% protection percentage”
Claim · model-written summary
The EHA extract had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with CMI between 500 and 1,000 mg/mL.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Interactor
- Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureuse0pathogen - Outcome
- CMIe0
- Value
- >1,000 and <500 mg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“CMI >1,000 and <500 mg/mL relative to Staphylococcus aureus”
Claim · model-written summary
The EHA extract had antibacterial activity against Salmonella cholerasuis with CMI between 100 and 500 mg/mL.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Interactor
- Salmonella cholerasuise0pathogen
- Outcome
- CMIe0
- Value
- <500 and >100 mg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“CMI <500 and >100 mg/mL for Salmonella cholerasuis”
Claim · model-written summary
The EHA extract had activity against Candida albicans with CMI between 500 and 1,000 mg/mL.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Interactor
- Candida albicans
Candida albicanse0pathogen - Outcome
- CMIe0
- Value
- <1.000 and >500mg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“CMI <1.000 and >500mg/mL regarding Candida albicans”
Claim · model-written summary
The EHA extract showed cytotoxic activity in the artemia lethality assay with DL50 of 0.503 mg/mL.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Outcome
- DL50e0
- Value
- 0,503 mg/mLe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“DL50 of 0,503 mg/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
The EHA extract displayed no toxicity in the acute oral toxicity trial at 5 g/kg body weight.
- Taxon
- Campomanesia xanthocarpaCampomanesia xanthocarpat0
- Outcome
- acute toxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Campomanesia xanthocarpa”
e0“acute toxicity trial”