Abstract
• CaCl₂ + PAW markedly reduced chilling injury in nectarines throughout storage, outperforming single treatments and the control. • The combined treatment preserved TSS and pH, avoiding the quality decline seen in control fruits. • It reduced oxidative damage , lowering H₂O₂, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation. • Antioxidant enzymes were significantly boosted, improving stress tolerance and delaying senescence. • Multivariate analyses confirmed its superior effect, clearly separating it from other treatments and explaining over 95 % of variance in key quality traits. Preserving the postharvest quality and extending the marketability of nectarines is crucial to minimize postharvest losses and maintain consumer acceptance. In the present study, a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors and five replications was employed to elucidate the effects of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) and plasma-activated water (PAW) on fruit storability and physiological integrity. Six dipping regimes were applied: distilled water for 5 min (control), PAW for 4 min, PAW for 8 min, 2% CaCl₂ for 5 min, 2% CaCl₂ (5 min) followed by PAW (4 min), and 2% CaCl₂ (5 min) followed by PAW (8 min). Fruits were subsequently stored at 0 (harvest), 15, 30, and 45 days, during which progressive declines in postharvest quality were evident, including increased chilling injury, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and lipid peroxidation, accompanied by a reduction in total soluble solids. Remarkably, the integrated application of CaCl₂ and PAW significantly suppressed these deleterious changes. This combined strategy reinforced the antioxidant defense system by enhancing the activities of catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, while also improving the radical scavenging capacity, thereby sustaining redox homeostasis. Multivariate analyses (PCA and hierarchical clustering heatmaps) further substantiated that nectarines treated with CaCl₂ + PAW clustered separately from the control and single-agent treatments, indicating a distinctive biochemical and physiological response profile. Moreover, the combined treatment effectively preserved key quality traits such as pH stability and soluble solid retention while concurrently alleviating stress-induced damage. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the synergistic application of CaCl₂ and PAW constitutes a promising postharvest strategy to maintain fruit structural integrity, delay senescence-related deterioration, and markedly extend nectarine shelf life.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling injury rose over storage.
Verbatim
e0“progressive declines in postharvest quality were evident, including increased chilling injury, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and lipid peroxidation”
t0“Shabrang nectarine”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation rose during storage.
Verbatim
e0“increased chilling injury, electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, and lipid peroxidation”
t0“Shabrang nectarine”
Claim · model-written summary
Total soluble solids declined during storage.
Verbatim
e0“accompanied by a reduction in total soluble solids”
t0“Shabrang nectarine”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined calcium chloride and plasma-activated water suppressed chilling injury and oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- nectarines
Prunus persica var. nucipersicae0 - Treatment
- CaCl₂ + PAWe0
- Outcome
- chilling injurye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- single treatments and the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CaCl₂ + PAW markedly reduced chilling injury in nectarines throughout storage, outperforming single treatments and the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment lowered hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- Shabrang nectarinet0
- Treatment
- Shabrang nectarinet0
- Outcome
- H₂O₂, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- loweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“It reduced oxidative damage , lowering H₂O₂, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation”
t0“Shabrang nectarine”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activities.
- Taxon
- Shabrang nectarinet0
- Outcome
- activities of catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“enhancing the activities of catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase”
t0“Shabrang nectarine”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment increased superoxide dismutase activity and radical scavenging capacity.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“superoxide dismutase, while also improving the radical scavenging capacity”
t0“Shabrang nectarine”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment maintained pH and soluble solids.
- Taxon
- Shabrang nectarinet0
- Treatment
- combined treatmente0
- Outcome
- pH stability and soluble solid retentione0
- Direction
- preservede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the combined treatment effectively preserved key quality traits such as pH stability and soluble solid retention”
t0“Shabrang nectarine”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment formed a distinct multivariate cluster.
- Taxon
- nectarinesPrunus persica var. nucipersicae0
- Treatment
- CaCl₂ + PAWe0
- Outcome
- clustered separatelye0
- Comparator
- control and single-agent treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nectarines treated with CaCl₂ + PAW clustered separately from the control and single-agent treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Multivariate analysis explained over 95% of variance in quality traits.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“explaining over 95 % of variance in key quality traits”
t0“Shabrang nectarine”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose combined calcium chloride and plasma-activated water to prolong nectarine shelf life.
- Taxon
- nectarinePrunus persica var. nucipersicae0
- Treatment
- application of CaCl₂ and PAWe0
- Outcome
- extend nectarine shelf lifee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the synergistic application of CaCl₂ and PAW constitutes a promising postharvest strategy to maintain fruit structural integrity, delay senescence-related deterioration, and markedly extend nectarine shelf life”
The same questions in other papers
calcium chloride dihydrate · crop injury · Prunus persica (peach)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
physical treatment · crop injury · Prunus persica (peach)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.