Abstract
The CELL DIVISION SUPPRESSOR (CDS) gene encodes a conserved YPEL-family zinc-finger protein whose biological role in plants has remained largely uncharacterized. Here, we characterized the Arabidopsis CDS gene and demonstrated that its protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence shared across YPEL proteins. Although CDS mRNA is constitutively expressed in all tissues, promoter–reporter analyses revealed that CDS protein accumulates only weakly and is absent in meristematic cells, suggesting strong posttranscriptional regulation. Overexpression of CDS (35S::CDS) caused severe growth inhibition, disrupted root meristem organization, reduced cell number, enlarged cell size, and decreased CYCB1;1 activity, indicating that elevated CDS suppresses mitotic progression and promotes entry into the endocycle. A Phalaenopsis ortholog, PaCDS, displayed similar expression patterns and recapitulated the Arabidopsis overexpression phenotypes, demonstrating evolutionary conservation of CDS function across monocots and dicots. Subcellular localization analysis showed that CDS enters the nucleus specifically in dividing cells and associates with DNA during mitosis. Together, these findings reveal CDS as a conserved negative regulator of cell division that modulates meristem activity by repressing the mitotic cell cycle and promoting endocycle initiation. This work uncovers a previously unrecognized role of YPEL-family proteins in plant cell cycle control and provides a foundation for manipulating growth and organ development across species.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The CDS protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Outcome
- conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“characterized the Arabidopsis CDS gene and demonstrated that its protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence shared across YPEL proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
CDS mRNA is constitutively expressed in all tissues.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- all tissuese1
- Outcome
- CDS mRNAe1
- Qualifier
- constitutively expressed in all tissuese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“characterized the Arabidopsis CDS gene and demonstrated that its protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence shared across YPEL proteins”
e1“Although CDS mRNA is constitutively expressed in all tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
CDS protein accumulates only weakly.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Outcome
- CDS proteine1
- Qualifier
- accumulates only weaklye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“characterized the Arabidopsis CDS gene and demonstrated that its protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence shared across YPEL proteins”
e1“CDS protein accumulates only weakly and is absent in meristematic cells”
Claim · model-written summary
CDS protein is absent in meristematic cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- meristematic cellse1
- Outcome
- CDS proteine1
- Qualifier
- absente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“characterized the Arabidopsis CDS gene and demonstrated that its protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence shared across YPEL proteins”
e1“CDS protein accumulates only weakly and is absent in meristematic cells”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of CDS caused severe growth inhibition in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of CDS (35S::CDS)e2
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“characterized the Arabidopsis CDS gene and demonstrated that its protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence shared across YPEL proteins”
e2“Overexpression of CDS (35S::CDS) caused severe growth inhibition, disrupted root meristem organization, reduced cell number, enlarged cell size, and decreased CYCB1;1 activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of CDS disrupted root meristem organization in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of CDS (35S::CDS)e2
- Outcome
- root meristem organizatione2
- Direction
- disruptede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“characterized the Arabidopsis CDS gene and demonstrated that its protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence shared across YPEL proteins”
e2“Overexpression of CDS (35S::CDS) caused severe growth inhibition, disrupted root meristem organization, reduced cell number, enlarged cell size, and decreased CYCB1;1 activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of CDS reduced cell number in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of CDS (35S::CDS)e2
- Outcome
- cell numbere2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“characterized the Arabidopsis CDS gene and demonstrated that its protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence shared across YPEL proteins”
e2“Overexpression of CDS (35S::CDS) caused severe growth inhibition, disrupted root meristem organization, reduced cell number, enlarged cell size, and decreased CYCB1;1 activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of CDS enlarged cell size in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of CDS (35S::CDS)e2
- Outcome
- cell sizee2
- Direction
- enlargede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“characterized the Arabidopsis CDS gene and demonstrated that its protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence shared across YPEL proteins”
e2“Overexpression of CDS (35S::CDS) caused severe growth inhibition, disrupted root meristem organization, reduced cell number, enlarged cell size, and decreased CYCB1;1 activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of CDS decreased CYCB1;1 activity in Arabidopsis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- Overexpression of CDS (35S::CDS)e2
- Gene
- CYCB1;1e2
- Outcome
- CYCB1;1 activitye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“characterized the Arabidopsis CDS gene and demonstrated that its protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence shared across YPEL proteins”
e2“Overexpression of CDS (35S::CDS) caused severe growth inhibition, disrupted root meristem organization, reduced cell number, enlarged cell size, and decreased CYCB1;1 activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CDS suppresses mitotic progression and promotes entry into the endocycle, according to the authors.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- CDSe1
- Outcome
- mitotic progressione1
- Qualifier
- promotes entry into the endocyclee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“characterized the Arabidopsis CDS gene and demonstrated that its protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence shared across YPEL proteins”
e1“indicating that elevated CDS suppresses mitotic progression and promotes entry into the endocycle”
Claim · model-written summary
The Phalaenopsis ortholog PaCDS displayed expression patterns similar to Arabidopsis CDS.
- Taxon
- Phalaenopsis
_(47706143821).jpg?width=60)
Phalaenopsise3 - Gene
- PaCDSe3
- Outcome
- expression patternse3
- Direction
- similare3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(47706143821).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e3“A Phalaenopsis ortholog, PaCDS, displayed similar expression patterns and recapitulated the Arabidopsis overexpression phenotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
PaCDS recapitulated the Arabidopsis overexpression phenotypes.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise3
- Treatment
- overexpressione3
- Gene
- PaCDSe3
- Outcome
- phenotypese3
- Direction
- recapitulatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“characterized the Arabidopsis CDS gene and demonstrated that its protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence shared across YPEL proteins”
e3“A Phalaenopsis ortholog, PaCDS, displayed similar expression patterns and recapitulated the Arabidopsis overexpression phenotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
CDS enters the nucleus specifically in dividing cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- dividing cellse4
- Outcome
- CDS enters the nucleuse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“characterized the Arabidopsis CDS gene and demonstrated that its protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence shared across YPEL proteins”
e4“CDS enters the nucleus specifically in dividing cells and associates with DNA during mitosis”
Claim · model-written summary
CDS associates with DNA during mitosis.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Outcome
- associates with DNAe4
- Qualifier
- during mitosise4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“characterized the Arabidopsis CDS gene and demonstrated that its protein contains a conserved metal-binding motif and a canonical nuclear localization sequence shared across YPEL proteins”
e4“CDS enters the nucleus specifically in dividing cells and associates with DNA during mitosis”