RUMEX HASTATUS: FROM NATURAL TO TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

Abstract

Rumex hastatus D. Don (Polygonaceae), commonly known as Arrowleaf Dock or Khatimal, is a medicinally important Himalayan plant traditionally used for treating fever, cough, headache, tonsillitis, asthma, jaundice, skin infections, and gastrointestinal disorders. The plant is rich in bioactive secondary metabolites including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, anthraquinones (emodin, chrysophanol), quercetin, naphthalenes, and sterols, which contribute to its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, cytotoxic, and neuroprotective activities. Traditional communities in the Himalayan region use its leaves directly on stinging plant injuries, and as a vegetable in routine diet due to its high nutritive and therapeutic potential. Recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in oxidative stress, neurological disorders, hepatoprotection, anti- diabetic activity, and anti-ulcer properties. Additionally, micropropagation techniques have been developed to ensure sustainable large-scale cultivation, genetic uniformity, and conservation of the species, addressing its increasing demand in herbal, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors. This review summarizes its ethnomedicinal relevance, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and modern cultivation approaches, highlighting its potential as a valuable natural therapeutic resource.

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