Paper · 1967 · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)

THERMODYNAMICS OF LIGHT EMISSION AND FREE-ENERGY STORAGE INPHOTOSYNTHESIS

Ross, Robert T.; Calvin, Melvin

8
claims
12
verbatim quotes
0
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

A Planck law relationship between absorption and emission spectra is used to compute the fluorescence spectra of some photosynthetic systems from their absorption spectra. Calculated luminescence spectra of purple bacteria agree well but not perfectly with published experimental spectra. Application of the Planck law relation to published activation spectra for Systems I and II of spinach chloroplast permits independent calculation of the luminescence spectra of the two systems; if the luminescence yield of System I is taken to be one-third the yield of System II, then the combined luminescence spectrum closely fits published experimental measurement. Consideration of the entropy associated with the excited state of the absorbing molecules is used to compute the oxidation-reduction potentials and maximum free-energy storage resulting from light absorption. Spinach chloroplasts under an illumination of 1 kilolux of white light can produce at most a potential difference of 1.32 eV for System I, and 1.36 eV for System II. In the absence of non-radiative losses, the maximum amount of free energy stored is 1.19 eV and 1.23 eV per photon absorbed for Systems I and II, respectively. The bacterium Chromatium under an illumination of 1 milliwatt/cm{sup 2} of Na D radiation can produce at most a potential difference of 0.90 eV; the maximum amount of free energy stored is 0.79 eV per photon absorbed. The combined effect of partial thermodynamic reversibility and a finite trapping rate on the amount of luminescence is considered briefly.

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Claims 8

Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

At 1 kilolux of white light, spinach chloroplasts can produce at most a potential difference of 1.32 eV for System I.

Organ / stage
System Ie1
Treatment
1 kilolux of white lighte1
Outcome
potential differencee1
Value
1.32 eVe1
Qualifier
can produce at moste1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Spinach chloroplasts under an illumination of 1 kilolux of white light can produce at most a potential difference of 1.32 eV for System I, and 1.36 eV for System II”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 869–1033 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

At 1 kilolux of white light, spinach chloroplasts can produce at most a potential difference of 1.36 eV for System II.

Organ / stage
System IIe1
Treatment
1 kilolux of white lighte1
Outcome
potential differencee1
Value
1.36 eVe1
Qualifier
can produce at moste1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Spinach chloroplasts under an illumination of 1 kilolux of white light can produce at most a potential difference of 1.32 eV for System I, and 1.36 eV for System II”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 869–1033 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

In the absence of non-radiative losses, the maximum free energy stored per photon absorbed by spinach System I is 1.19 eV.

Organ / stage
Systems Ie2
Outcome
maximum amount of free energy storede2
Value
1.19 eVe2
Qualifier
In the absence of non-radiative lossese2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Spinach chloroplasts under an illumination of 1 kilolux of white light can produce at most a potential difference of 1.32 eV for System I, and 1.36 eV for System II”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 869–1033 · show in text ↑
e2

“In the absence of non-radiative losses, the maximum amount of free energy stored is 1.19 eV and 1.23 eV per photon absorbed for Systems I and II, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1035–1193 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

In the absence of non-radiative losses, the maximum free energy stored per photon absorbed by spinach System II is 1.23 eV.

Outcome
maximum amount of free energy storede2
Value
1.23 eVe2
Qualifier
In the absence of non-radiative lossese2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Spinacia oleracea
Spinacia oleracea · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e1

“Spinach chloroplasts under an illumination of 1 kilolux of white light can produce at most a potential difference of 1.32 eV for System I, and 1.36 eV for System II”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 869–1033 · show in text ↑
e2

“In the absence of non-radiative losses, the maximum amount of free energy stored is 1.19 eV and 1.23 eV per photon absorbed for Systems I and II, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1035–1193 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

The bacterium Chromatium under Na D radiation can produce at most a potential difference of 0.90 eV.

Taxon
ChromatiumChromatiume4
Treatment
Na D radiatione3
Outcome
potential differencee3
Value
0.90 eVe3
Qualifier
can produce at moste3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Chromatium
Chromatium · TaxonMariiantoniietta · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e3

“of Na D radiation can produce at most a potential difference of 0.90 eV”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1267–1338 · show in text ↑
e4

“The bacterium Chromatium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1195–1219 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

The bacterium Chromatium stores at most 0.79 eV of free energy per photon absorbed.

Taxon
ChromatiumChromatiume4
Outcome
maximum amount of free energy storede5
Value
0.79 eVe5

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Chromatium
Chromatium · TaxonMariiantoniietta · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e4

“The bacterium Chromatium”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1195–1219 · show in text ↑
e5

“the maximum amount of free energy stored is 0.79 eV per photon absorbed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1340–1411 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Calculated luminescence spectra of purple bacteria agree well but not perfectly with published experimental spectra.

Outcome
luminescence spectrae6
Comparator
published experimental spectrae6

Verbatim

e6

“Calculated luminescence spectra of purple bacteria agree well but not perfectly with published experimental spectra”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 172–287 · show in text ↑
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined calculated luminescence spectrum closely fits published experimental measurement when System I yield is one-third of System II.

Outcome
combined luminescence spectrume7
Qualifier
if the luminescence yield of System I is taken to be one-third the yield of System IIe7
Comparator
published experimental measuremente7

Verbatim

e7

“if the luminescence yield of System I is taken to be one-third the yield of System II, then the combined luminescence spectrum closely fits published experimental measurement”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 484–658 · show in text ↑