Abstract
It has long been recognized that pollutant gases cause significant impacts on crops and forests in both developed and developing countries. Ground-level ozone (O3) or better known as tropospheric ozone is recognised as the pollutant most likely to cause widespread crop damage. For this pollutant an AOT40 (accumulative O3 concentration above a threshold of 40 ppb) value causing 5% yield loss for all agricultural crops has been established as 3000 ppbh, which is applicable during daylight hours over a growing season (UN-ECE, 1996). In order to have a complete estimate of air pollution damage i.e., O3 to paddy plantation area, a dose-response, or yield-loss function have to be developed. In this study, data was gathered from tests in open-top chambers (OTCs), whereby four OTCs were fabricated; two of which were exposed to ambient air pollution (NF) of which ozone is the major perpetrator whilst the remaining were provided with clean air i.e. charcoal filtered air treatment (F). The response of a popular local rice cultivar, MR-219 to current ambient air pollution of which O3 is the overwhelming dominant pollutant was investigated for five successive seasons in Muda Irrigation Scheme Area (MADA); the largest rice growing area in Malaysia. The results of the study clearly indicate that at ozone concentrations even lower than the Malaysian air quality guidelines (60 ppb 8 hr mean) level, there exist a significant impact on the growth and yield of the popular rice cultivar MR-219. Even though weeds, diseases, and insect pests were absent, water and nutrients were in abundance, no adverse soil conditions, and that no extreme weather event such as typhoons occurs; the physiological, growth and development performances of rice plants exposed to ambient ozone were found to be significantly (P< 0.05) reduced by AOT40 compared to control rice plants in filtered chamber. This study discovered that the root was the most significantly affected component of MR-219 rice plant. Meanwhile, reproductive stage is the most vulnerable period of growth to ozone impact followed by grain filling and vegetative stages, respectively.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Ambient ozone at concentrations below the Malaysian guideline has a significant impact on growth and yield of the MR-219 rice cultivar.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- MR-219e0
- Treatment
- ambient air pollutione1
- Outcome
- growth and yielde2
- Qualifier
- ozone concentrations even lower than the Malaysian air quality guidelines (60 ppb 8 hr mean)e2
- Comparator
- charcoal filtered air treatmente1
- Setting
- Muda Irrigation Scheme Areae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of a popular local rice cultivar, MR-219 to current ambient air pollution of which O3 is the overwhelming dominant pollutant was investigated for five successive seasons in Muda Irrigation Scheme Area (MADA)”
e1“two of which were exposed to ambient air pollution (NF) of which ozone is the major perpetrator whilst the remaining were provided with clean air i.e. charcoal filtered air treatment (F)”
e2“at ozone concentrations even lower than the Malaysian air quality guidelines (60 ppb 8 hr mean) level, there exist a significant impact on the growth and yield of the popular rice cultivar MR-219”
Claim · model-written summary
Ambient ozone significantly reduced physiological, growth and development performance of rice plants compared with filtered-chamber controls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ambient ozonee0
- Outcome
- physiological, growth and development performancese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- AOT40e0
- Comparator
- control rice plants in filtered chambere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the physiological, growth and development performances of rice plants exposed to ambient ozone were found to be significantly (P< 0.05) reduced by AOT40 compared to control rice plants in filtered chamber”
Claim · model-written summary
The root was the most significantly affected component of MR-219 rice plants under ozone exposure.
Verbatim
e0“the root was the most significantly affected component of MR-219 rice plant”
Claim · model-written summary
The reproductive stage was the most vulnerable period of rice growth to ozone impact, followed by grain filling and vegetative stages.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- reproductive stagee1
- Treatment
- ozone impacte1
- Outcome
- most vulnerable period of growth to ozone impacte1
- Qualifier
- followed by grain filling and vegetative stagese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of a popular local rice cultivar, MR-219 to current ambient air pollution of which O3 is the overwhelming dominant pollutant was investigated for five successive seasons in Muda Irrigation Scheme Area (MADA)”
e1“reproductive stage is the most vulnerable period of growth to ozone impact followed by grain filling and vegetative stages, respectively”
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