Abstract
The objective of this field research was to compare relative effectiveness and profitability of alternative herbicides applied to the same plots for four consecutive years for controlling and reducing dense Canada thistle infestations in no-till spring wheat. Chlorsulfuron at 30 g ai ha −1 plus nonionic surfactant or clopyralid plus 2,4-D at 70 plus 280 g ae ha −1 , respectively, applied annually for 4 yr controlled Canada thistle and was more effective for gradually reducing Canada thistle stands than 2,4-D at 560 g ae ha −1 , MCPA plus bromoxynil at 280 plus 280 g ae ha −1 , or tribenuron at 20 g ai ha −1 . Chlorsulfuron and clopyralid plus 2,4-D also controlled Canada thistle ≥ 90% earlier (by 2 yr) than other treatments. Stochastic dominance analysis, a form of economic analysis, predicted that either chlorsulfuron or clopyralid plus 2,4-D would be preferred by farmers to the untreated check, MCPA plus bromoxynil, or 2,4-D treatments. Chlorsulfuron also would be preferred to clopyralid plus 2,4-D by risk-neutral farmers, whereas clopyralid plus 2,4-D would be preferred to chlorsulfuron by highly risk-averse farmers, those who are most likely to pick only consistently effective herbicides.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Annual chlorsulfuron controlled and reduced Canada thistle more effectively than three alternatives.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Chlorsulfuron at 30 g ai ha −1 plus nonionic surfactante0
- Interactor
- Canada thistle
Cirsium arvensee0weed - Outcome
- Canada thistle standse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- 2,4-D at 560 g ae ha −1 , MCPA plus bromoxynil at 280 plus 280 g ae ha −1 , or tribenuron at 20 g ai ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorsulfuron at 30 g ai ha −1 plus nonionic surfactant or clopyralid plus 2,4-D at 70 plus 280 g ae ha −1 , respectively, applied annually for 4 yr controlled Canada thistle and was more effective for gradually reducing Canada thistle stands than 2,4-D at 560 g ae ha −1 , MCPA plus bromoxynil at 280 plus 280 g ae ha −1 , or tribenuron at 20 g ai ha −1”
t0“spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual clopyralid plus 2,4-D controlled and reduced Canada thistle more effectively than three alternatives.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clopyralid plus 2,4-D at 70 plus 280 g ae ha −1e0
- Interactor
- Canada thistleCirsium arvensee0weed
- Outcome
- Canada thistle standse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- 2,4-D at 560 g ae ha −1 , MCPA plus bromoxynil at 280 plus 280 g ae ha −1 , or tribenuron at 20 g ai ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorsulfuron at 30 g ai ha −1 plus nonionic surfactant or clopyralid plus 2,4-D at 70 plus 280 g ae ha −1 , respectively, applied annually for 4 yr controlled Canada thistle and was more effective for gradually reducing Canada thistle stands than 2,4-D at 560 g ae ha −1 , MCPA plus bromoxynil at 280 plus 280 g ae ha −1 , or tribenuron at 20 g ai ha −1”
t0“spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorsulfuron achieved at least 90% thistle control two years earlier than other treatments.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Chlorsulfurone0
- Interactor
- Canada thistleCirsium arvensee0weed
- Outcome
- Canada thistlee0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- ≥ 90%e0
- Qualifier
- by 2 yre0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorsulfuron and clopyralid plus 2,4-D also controlled Canada thistle ≥ 90% earlier (by 2 yr) than other treatments”
t0“spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Clopyralid plus 2,4-D achieved at least 90% thistle control two years earlier than other treatments.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clopyralid plus 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- Canada thistleCirsium arvensee0weed
- Outcome
- Canada thistlee0
- Direction
- earliere0
- Value
- ≥ 90%e0
- Qualifier
- by 2 yre0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorsulfuron and clopyralid plus 2,4-D also controlled Canada thistle ≥ 90% earlier (by 2 yr) than other treatments”
t0“spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic analysis predicted farmers would prefer chlorsulfuron over untreated, MCPA plus bromoxynil, or 2,4-D treatments.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- chlorsulfurone0
- Interactor
- Canada ThistleCirsium arvenset0weed
- Outcome
- preferred by farmerse0
- Direction
- preferrede0
- Comparator
- untreated check, MCPA plus bromoxynil, or 2,4-D treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“predicted that either chlorsulfuron or clopyralid plus 2,4-D would be preferred by farmers to the untreated check, MCPA plus bromoxynil, or 2,4-D treatments”
t0“Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control in No-till Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic analysis predicted farmers would prefer clopyralid plus 2,4-D over untreated, MCPA plus bromoxynil, or 2,4-D treatments.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clopyralid plus 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- Canada ThistleCirsium arvenset0weed
- Outcome
- preferred by farmerse0
- Direction
- preferrede0
- Comparator
- untreated check, MCPA plus bromoxynil, or 2,4-D treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“predicted that either chlorsulfuron or clopyralid plus 2,4-D would be preferred by farmers to the untreated check, MCPA plus bromoxynil, or 2,4-D treatments”
t0“Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control in No-till Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Risk-neutral farmers would prefer chlorsulfuron to clopyralid plus 2,4-D.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Chlorsulfurone0
- Interactor
- Canada ThistleCirsium arvenset0weed
- Outcome
- preferrede0
- Direction
- preferrede0
- Qualifier
- risk-neutral farmerse0
- Comparator
- clopyralid plus 2,4-De0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorsulfuron also would be preferred to clopyralid plus 2,4-D by risk-neutral farmers”
t0“Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control in No-till Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Highly risk-averse farmers would prefer clopyralid plus 2,4-D to chlorsulfuron.
- Taxon
- Spring WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- clopyralid plus 2,4-De0
- Interactor
- Canada ThistleCirsium arvenset0weed
- Outcome
- preferrede0
- Direction
- preferrede0
- Qualifier
- highly risk-averse farmerse0
- Comparator
- chlorsulfurone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“clopyralid plus 2,4-D would be preferred to chlorsulfuron by highly risk-averse farmers”
t0“Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control in No-till Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
The same questions in other papers
nonionic surfactant · Cirsium arvense · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
2,4-D · Cirsium arvense · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →clopyralid · Cirsium arvense · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
chlorsulfuron · Cirsium arvense · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.