Abstract
SummaryAn experiment was carried out in 1996 to assess the importance of pre-harvest factors on the storage quality of ‘Red Pippin’, ‘Gala’ and ‘Jonagold’ apples grown in the UK and the requirement for further work to develop fruit mineral analysis standards for these cultivars. Quality from store was determined primarily by the choice of controlled atmosphere (CA) regime. ‘Red Pippin’, ‘Gala’ and ‘Jonagold’ apples were stored in high CO2, low O2 regimes of 3/2, 5/1 and 4/1.2 (kPa CO2/O2) respectively, and in low CO2, low O2 regimes of <1/1.2, <1/1 and <1/1.2 respectively. Scald development in high CO2, low O2 regimes was nil (‘Jonagold’) or slight (‘Red Pippin’ and ‘Gala’) but extensive in low CO2, low O2 regimes where there was marked orchard variability. ‘Gala’ apples stored in either CA regime developed slight breakdown after six months of storage. Fruit firmness was maintained better in high CO2, low O2 regimes but the concentrations of sugars and acids in the fruit were generally unaffected by CA conditions. For each cultivar the mineral composition of fruit from different orchards at the time of commercial harvest varied greatly. On average, ‘Gala’ apples were lower in N and higher in Ca and Mn than ‘Red Pippin’ or ‘Jonagold’. ‘Red Pippin’ apples were highest in B and ‘Jonagold’ lowest in K and Mg. There were also cultivar differences in the mineral composition of leaves and fruits sampled in August and July respectively. For each cultivar samples for storage had been taken on the same date during the commercial harvesting period. Coeficients of variation (CV) were used to indicate the degree of variation in various indicators of maturity. In ‘Gala’ apples variability in firmness (CV – 6.3%) and soluble solids (CV – 4.9%) was approximately three-fold less than for starch coverage (CV – 15.5%). Some significant correlations were found between fruit quality and mineral/maturity variables. For all cultivars acidity was correlated positively with fruit K and sugar concentration with dry weight and soluble solids concentration in the fruit at harvest. Firmness of the three cultivars in the study was not correlated consistently with particular mineral constituents in the fruit at harvest or with harvest maturity parameters. Firmness of ‘Gala’ apples ex-store was highly correlated with harvest firmness and was positively correlated with Ca and B concentration in the fruit at harvest and negatively with K. There was a strong negative correlation between the incidence of scald in ‘Jonagold’ apples and the Ca concentration in the fruit at harvest. Increased fresh breakdown in ‘Gala’ apples was associated with high K, Mg, Na and Cu in harvest fruits, high Cu in fruitlets and high K, Mg and Zn in leaves.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled-atmosphere regime primarily determined stored apple quality.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Outcome
- Quality from storee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quality from store was determined primarily by the choice of controlled atmosphere (CA) regime.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Scald was nil in Jonagold under high CO2 and low O2.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Jonagold’e0
- Outcome
- Scald developmente0
- Direction
- nile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Scald development in high CO2, low O2 regimes was nil (‘Jonagold’)”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Scald was slight in Red Pippin and Gala under high CO2 and low O2.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Scald developmente1
- Direction
- slighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“slight (‘Red Pippin’ and ‘Gala’)”
e1“Scald development in high CO2, low O2 regimes”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Scald was extensive under low CO2 and low O2 with orchard variability.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Scald developmente1
- Direction
- extensivee0
- Qualifier
- marked orchard variabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“extensive in low CO2, low O2 regimes where there was marked orchard variability”
e1“Scald development in high CO2, low O2 regimes”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Gala developed slight breakdown after six months under either CA regime.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Gala’e0
- Outcome
- slight breakdowne0
- Qualifier
- after six months of storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Gala’ apples stored in either CA regime developed slight breakdown after six months of storage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Firmness was maintained better under high CO2 and low O2.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- high CO2, low O2 regimese0
- Outcome
- Fruit firmnesse0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit firmness was maintained better in high CO2, low O2 regimes”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar and acid concentrations were generally unaffected by CA conditions.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- CA conditionse0
- Outcome
- concentrations of sugars and acidse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“concentrations of sugars and acids in the fruit were generally unaffected by CA conditions”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit mineral composition varied greatly among orchards for each cultivar.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- mineral composition of fruite0
- Direction
- varied greatlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For each cultivar the mineral composition of fruit from different orchards at the time of commercial harvest varied greatly.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Gala apples had lower N than Red Pippin or Jonagold.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Gala’e0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- ‘Red Pippin’ or ‘Jonagold’e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Gala’ apples were lower in N and higher in Ca and Mn than ‘Red Pippin’ or ‘Jonagold’”
Claim · model-written summary
Gala apples had higher Ca and Mn than Red Pippin or Jonagold.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Gala’e0
- Outcome
- Ca and Mne0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- ‘Red Pippin’ or ‘Jonagold’e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Gala’ apples were lower in N and higher in Ca and Mn than ‘Red Pippin’ or ‘Jonagold’”
Claim · model-written summary
Red Pippin apples were highest in B.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Red Pippin’e0
- Outcome
- Be0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Red Pippin’ apples were highest in B”
Claim · model-written summary
Jonagold apples were lowest in K and Mg.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘Jonagold’e0
- Outcome
- K and Mge0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Jonagold’ lowest in K and Mg”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and fruit mineral composition differed by cultivar.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- mineral composition of leaves and fruitse0
- Qualifier
- sampled in August and July respectivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were also cultivar differences in the mineral composition of leaves and fruits sampled in August and July respectively.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Gala firmness and soluble-solids variability was about threefold less than starch-coverage variability.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Gala’e0
- Outcome
- variability in firmnesse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- CV – 6.3%e0
- Comparator
- starch coveragee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In ‘Gala’ apples variability in firmness (CV – 6.3%) and soluble solids (CV – 4.9%) was approximately three-fold less than for starch coverage (CV – 15.5%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit acidity correlated positively with harvest fruit K across cultivars.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Compound
- fruit Ke0
- Outcome
- aciditye0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For all cultivars acidity was correlated positively with fruit K”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar concentration correlated with fruit dry weight and soluble solids at harvest.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- sugar concentratione0
- Comparator
- dry weight and soluble solids concentratione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sugar concentration with dry weight and soluble solids concentration in the fruit at harvest”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Firmness did not correlate consistently with harvest minerals or maturity parameters.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Firmnesse0
- Direction
- not correlated consistentlye0
- Comparator
- particular mineral constituentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Firmness of the three cultivars in the study was not correlated consistently with particular mineral constituents in the fruit at harvest or with harvest maturity parameters.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Gala ex-store firmness correlated highly with harvest firmness.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Gala’e0
- Outcome
- Firmnesse0
- Comparator
- harvest firmnesse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Firmness of ‘Gala’ apples ex-store was highly correlated with harvest firmness”
Claim · model-written summary
Gala ex-store firmness correlated positively with harvest Ca and B and negatively with K.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Compound
- Ca and Be0
- Outcome
- Firmnesse1
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positively correlated with Ca and B concentration in the fruit at harvest and negatively with K”
e1“Firmness of ‘Gala’ apples ex-store”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Jonagold scald incidence correlated negatively with harvest fruit Ca.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Material
- ‘Jonagold’e0
- Compound
- Ca concentratione0
- Outcome
- incidence of scalde0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strong negative correlation between the incidence of scald in ‘Jonagold’ apples and the Ca concentration in the fruit at harvest”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · quality: postharvest · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
20 papers more in this group
See all 24 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.