Abstract
Light intensity plays a critical role in determining spike fertility of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L . ) by influencing floret development. However, whether a light signal directly perceived by the juvenile spike is essential for spike fertility remains unknown. To address this, we conducted two experiments imposing light blocking (LB) treatments from jointing to either anthesis (LB J-A ) or booting (LB J-B ) as well as a control (CT). LB was imposed through an innovative procedure employing aluminum foil. We found that LB J-A did not affect floret primordia initiation, only increased distal floret mortality, and drastically impaired pollen viability in the anthers, resulting in a slight reduction in the number of competent florets but a massive sterility of all florets across all spikelets compared to CT, and LB J-B exhibited results closer to the CT. For instance, under field conditions, the number of fertile florets was 42.92 in CT and 36.10 in LB J-B , whereas no fertile florets (0) were observed in LB J-A . While re-exposing juvenile spikes to light at booting restored fertility, highlighting that light signal perceived by juvenile spike from booting to anthesis played a crucial role for floret fertility. Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between the number of fertile florets and the number of floret primordia with green anthers, suggesting that light blocking may impair fertility by preventing anther greening. These novel findings provide evidence that light signal directly perceived by juvenile spikes qualitatively may affect spike fertility possibly through affecting anther greening and inducing sterile pollen formation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Light blocking from jointing to anthesis did not affect floret primordia initiation compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- LB J-Ae1
- Outcome
- floret primordia initiatione1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
- Comparator
- CTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pollen sterility in wheat”
e1“LB J-A did not affect floret primordia initiation, only increased distal floret mortality, and drastically impaired pollen viability in the anthers”
e2“compared to CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Light blocking from jointing to anthesis increased distal floret mortality compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- LB J-Ae1
- Outcome
- distal floret mortalitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- CTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pollen sterility in wheat”
e1“LB J-A did not affect floret primordia initiation, only increased distal floret mortality, and drastically impaired pollen viability in the anthers”
e2“compared to CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Light blocking from jointing to anthesis drastically impaired pollen viability in the anthers compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- antherse1
- Treatment
- LB J-Ae1
- Outcome
- pollen viabilitye1
- Direction
- impairede1
- Comparator
- CTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pollen sterility in wheat”
e1“LB J-A did not affect floret primordia initiation, only increased distal floret mortality, and drastically impaired pollen viability in the anthers”
e2“compared to CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Light blocking from jointing to anthesis slightly reduced the number of competent florets compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- LB J-Ae1
- Outcome
- number of competent floretse4
- Direction
- slight reductione4
- Comparator
- CTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pollen sterility in wheat”
e1“LB J-A did not affect floret primordia initiation, only increased distal floret mortality, and drastically impaired pollen viability in the anthers”
e2“compared to CT”
e4“resulting in a slight reduction in the number of competent florets”
Claim · model-written summary
Light blocking from jointing to anthesis caused massive sterility of all florets across all spikelets compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- LB J-Ae1
- Outcome
- sterility of all florets across all spikeletse3
- Qualifier
- massivee3
- Comparator
- CTe3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pollen sterility in wheat”
e1“LB J-A did not affect floret primordia initiation, only increased distal floret mortality, and drastically impaired pollen viability in the anthers”
e3“a massive sterility of all florets across all spikelets compared to CT”
Claim · model-written summary
Light blocking from jointing to booting gave results closer to the control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pollen sterility in wheat”
e5“LB J-B exhibited results closer to the CT”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, LB J-B reduced fertile florets to 36.10 from 42.92 in the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- LB J-Be6
- Outcome
- number of fertile floretse6
- Direction
- lowerinferrede6
- Value
- 36.10e6
- Qualifier
- 42.92e6
- Comparator
- CTe6
- Setting
- field conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pollen sterility in wheat”
e6“under field conditions, the number of fertile florets was 42.92 in CT and 36.10 in LB J-B”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, LB J-A left no fertile florets compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- LB J-Ae7
- Outcome
- fertile floretse7
- Direction
- lowerinferrede7
- Value
- 0e7
- Comparator
- CTe6
- Setting
- field conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pollen sterility in wheat”
e6“under field conditions, the number of fertile florets was 42.92 in CT and 36.10 in LB J-B”
e7“whereas no fertile florets (0) were observed in LB J-A”
Claim · model-written summary
Re-exposing juvenile spikes to light at booting restored fertility.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- re-exposing juvenile spikes to light at bootinge0
- Outcome
- fertilitye0
- Direction
- restorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pollen sterility in wheat”
e0“While re-exposing juvenile spikes to light at booting restored fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Light perceived by the juvenile spike from booting to anthesis plays a crucial role for floret fertility.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- light signal perceived by juvenile spike from booting to anthesise1
- Outcome
- floret fertilitye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pollen sterility in wheat”
e1“light signal perceived by juvenile spike from booting to anthesis played a crucial role for floret fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of fertile florets was strongly correlated with the number of floret primordia with green anthers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- number of fertile floretse2
- Qualifier
- strong correlatione2
- Comparator
- the number of floret primordia with green antherse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pollen sterility in wheat”
e2“a strong correlation was observed between the number of fertile florets and the number of floret primordia with green anthers”
Claim · model-written summary
Light blocking may impair fertility by preventing anther greening.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- light blockinge3
- Outcome
- fertilitye3
- Qualifier
- preventing anther greeninge3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pollen sterility in wheat”
e3“light blocking may impair fertility by preventing anther greening”
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