Abstract
Freezing stress limits the sustainable production of alfalfa in northern China. While biochar and wood vinegar enhance crop stress tolerance, their potential to improve alfalfa cold resistance remains unknown. This field study compared the effects of a control group (CK), biochar (B, 10 t/ha), wood vinegar (W, diluted 200-fold), and a combined treatment (BW). Results indicate that B, W, and BW significantly enhanced cell membrane stability and alleviated oxidative stress, as evidenced by increases in root soluble protein (SP), soluble sugar (SS), and proline (Pro) content by 7.74 %-11.21 %, 12.81 %-51.54 %, and 3.50 %-43.00 %, respectively (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased by 20.13 %-46.18 % and 163.54 %-235.16 %, respectively (P < 0.05); Maldodialdehyde (MDA) content and relative electrical conductivity in BW were significantly reduced by 22.55 % and 16.56 %, respectively, compared to CK (p < 0.05). Biochar and wood vinegar increased the contents and availability of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil and improved the structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community (for example, bacteria of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were significantly enriched in B, W, and BW, and the community structure became more complex). They also activated metabolic pathways such as flavonoid and isoflavone biosynthesis in the roots, thereby enhancing the cold tolerance of alfalfa and increasing the yield of alfalfa after overwintering by 13.63 %–19.91 %. The findings of this study suggest that the concurrent utilisation of wood vinegar and biocharcan effectively augment the cold tolerance of alfalfa, thereby facilitating the sustainable production of this crop. • Biochar and wood vinegar can enhance the cold resistance of alfalfa. • Biochar and wood vinegar enhanced isoflavonoid and flavonoid biosynthesis in roots. • Biochar and wood vinegar significantly improved soil fertility. • Biochar and wood vinegar improved the structure and function of rhizosphere bacteria.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar, wood vinegar and their combination increased root soluble protein by 7.74%-11.21% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- B, W, and BWe0
- Outcome
- root soluble protein (SP)e1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 7.74 %-11.21 %e1
- Comparator
- control group (CK)e2
- Setting
- field studye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cold tolerance of alfalfa”
e0“Results indicate that B, W, and BW significantly enhanced cell membrane stability and alleviated oxidative stress”
e1“increases in root soluble protein (SP), soluble sugar (SS), and proline (Pro) content by 7.74 %-11.21 %, 12.81 %-51.54 %, and 3.50 %-43.00 %, respectively (p < 0.05)”
e2“This field study compared the effects of a control group (CK), biochar (B, 10 t/ha), wood vinegar (W, diluted 200-fold), and a combined treatment (BW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar, wood vinegar and their combination increased root soluble sugar by 12.81%-51.54% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- B, W, and BWe0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar (SS)e1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 12.81 %-51.54 %e1
- Comparator
- control group (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cold tolerance of alfalfa”
e0“Results indicate that B, W, and BW significantly enhanced cell membrane stability and alleviated oxidative stress”
e1“increases in root soluble protein (SP), soluble sugar (SS), and proline (Pro) content by 7.74 %-11.21 %, 12.81 %-51.54 %, and 3.50 %-43.00 %, respectively (p < 0.05)”
e2“This field study compared the effects of a control group (CK), biochar (B, 10 t/ha), wood vinegar (W, diluted 200-fold), and a combined treatment (BW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar, wood vinegar and their combination increased root proline by 3.50%-43.00% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- B, W, and BWe0
- Outcome
- proline (Pro)e1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 3.50 %-43.00 %e1
- Comparator
- control group (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cold tolerance of alfalfa”
e0“Results indicate that B, W, and BW significantly enhanced cell membrane stability and alleviated oxidative stress”
e1“increases in root soluble protein (SP), soluble sugar (SS), and proline (Pro) content by 7.74 %-11.21 %, 12.81 %-51.54 %, and 3.50 %-43.00 %, respectively (p < 0.05)”
e2“This field study compared the effects of a control group (CK), biochar (B, 10 t/ha), wood vinegar (W, diluted 200-fold), and a combined treatment (BW)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar, wood vinegar and their combination increased superoxide dismutase activity by 20.13%-46.18%.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- B, W, and BWe0
- Outcome
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 20.13 %-46.18 %e3
- Comparator
- control group (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cold tolerance of alfalfa”
e0“Results indicate that B, W, and BW significantly enhanced cell membrane stability and alleviated oxidative stress”
e2“This field study compared the effects of a control group (CK), biochar (B, 10 t/ha), wood vinegar (W, diluted 200-fold), and a combined treatment (BW)”
e3“Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased by 20.13 %-46.18 % and 163.54 %-235.16 %, respectively (P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar, wood vinegar and their combination increased catalase activity by 163.54%-235.16%.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- B, W, and BWe0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 163.54 %-235.16 %e3
- Comparator
- control group (CK)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cold tolerance of alfalfa”
e0“Results indicate that B, W, and BW significantly enhanced cell membrane stability and alleviated oxidative stress”
e2“This field study compared the effects of a control group (CK), biochar (B, 10 t/ha), wood vinegar (W, diluted 200-fold), and a combined treatment (BW)”
e3“Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased by 20.13 %-46.18 % and 163.54 %-235.16 %, respectively (P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
The BW treatment reduced malondialdehyde content by 22.55% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- BWe4
- Outcome
- Maldodialdehyde (MDA) contente4
- Direction
- significantly reducede4
- Value
- 22.55 %e4
- Comparator
- CKe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cold tolerance of alfalfa”
e4“Maldodialdehyde (MDA) content and relative electrical conductivity in BW were significantly reduced by 22.55 % and 16.56 %, respectively, compared to CK (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
The BW treatment reduced relative electrical conductivity by 16.56% compared with the control.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- BWe4
- Outcome
- relative electrical conductivitye4
- Direction
- significantly reducede4
- Value
- 16.56 %e4
- Comparator
- CKe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cold tolerance of alfalfa”
e4“Maldodialdehyde (MDA) content and relative electrical conductivity in BW were significantly reduced by 22.55 % and 16.56 %, respectively, compared to CK (p < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and wood vinegar increased soil contents and availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
- Treatment
- Biochar and wood vinegare5
- Outcome
- contents and availability of nutrientse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassiume5
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e5“Biochar and wood vinegar increased the contents and availability of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and wood vinegar improved the structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community of alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Biochar and wood vinegare5
- Outcome
- structure of the rhizosphere bacterial communitye6
- Direction
- improvede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cold tolerance of alfalfa”
e5“Biochar and wood vinegar increased the contents and availability of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil”
e6“improved the structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were significantly enriched by biochar, wood vinegar and their combination.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- B, W, and BWe7
- Outcome
- bacteria of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteriae7
- Direction
- enrichede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cold tolerance of alfalfa”
e7“bacteria of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were significantly enriched in B, W, and BW”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and wood vinegar activated flavonoid and isoflavone biosynthesis in the roots, enhancing cold tolerance of alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee1
- Qualifier
- flavonoid and isoflavone biosynthesis in the rootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“They also activated metabolic pathways such as flavonoid and isoflavone biosynthesis in the roots, thereby enhancing the cold tolerance of alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar and wood vinegar increased alfalfa yield after overwintering by 13.63%-19.91%.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Biochar and wood vinegare5
- Outcome
- yield of alfalfa after overwinteringe2
- Direction
- increasinge2
- Value
- 13.63 %–19.91 %e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cold tolerance of alfalfa”
e5“Biochar and wood vinegar increased the contents and availability of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil”
e2“increasing the yield of alfalfa after overwintering by 13.63 %–19.91 %”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that combined wood vinegar and biochar can effectively augment the cold tolerance of alfalfa.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- cold tolerancee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cold tolerance of alfalfa”
e1“can effectively augment the cold tolerance of alfalfa”
The same questions in other papers
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biochar · nutrient: content · Medicago sativa (alfalfa)Results agree
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1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.