Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of pre-harvest bagging on yield, quality, shelf life, disease incidence, and economic feasibility in the mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivar Mallika conducted at the Horticulture Research Center, Pantnagar. The experiment assessed six treatments using various bagging materials (brown paper, white paper, ordinary brown paper, butter paper, newspaper, and control). Pre-harvest bagging significantly enhanced fruit attributes, with organic/UV/water-resistant brown paper yielding the highest fruit weight (630.08 g), pulp weight (530.89 g), and TSS (22.67 °Brix). It also improved ascorbic acid content (41.53 mg/100 g) and total sugars (14.64%). Phytochemical composition analysis revealed a notable increase in carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic content with brown paper bag (Organic/ UV/ water resistant) and white paper bag (Organic/ UV/ water resistant), indicating improved nutritional quality. Fruits bagged with brown paper extended shelf life (11.67 days) and reduced incidence of major post-harvest diseases such as anthracnose, stem-end rot, and sooty mould. Economic analysis revealed a 53.18% higher net return and improved benefit-cost ratio with bagging compared to unbagged fruits. Correlation studies highlighted positive relationships between yield, fruit weight, and quality traits, while disease resistance was negatively correlated with fruit quality attributes revealed the effectiveness of this eco-friendly practice. PCA revealed that bagging techniques enhance mango fruit quality and reduce post-harvest diseases, with PC1 explaining most of the variation. This research demonstrates that pre-harvest bagging, particularly with organic/UV/water-resistant brown paper, offers a sustainable and profitable solution for enhancing mango quality, reducing pesticide usage, and meeting global market demands for high-quality, residue-free fruits.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Organic/UV/water-resistant brown paper bagging gave the highest fruit weight, 630.08 g.
- Taxon
- mango (Mangifera indica L.)
_from_India.jpg?width=60)
Mangifera indicat0 - Treatment
- organic/UV/water-resistant brown papere1
- Outcome
- fruit weighte1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 630.08 ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_from_India.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Mallika”
e1“Pre-harvest bagging significantly enhanced fruit attributes, with organic/UV/water-resistant brown paper yielding the highest fruit weight (630.08 g), pulp weight (530.89 g), and TSS (22.67 °Brix)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic/UV/water-resistant brown paper bagging gave the highest pulp weight, 530.89 g.
- Taxon
- mango (Mangifera indica L.)Mangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- organic/UV/water-resistant brown papere1
- Outcome
- pulp weighte1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 530.89 ge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Mallika”
e1“Pre-harvest bagging significantly enhanced fruit attributes, with organic/UV/water-resistant brown paper yielding the highest fruit weight (630.08 g), pulp weight (530.89 g), and TSS (22.67 °Brix)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic/UV/water-resistant brown paper bagging gave the highest TSS, 22.67 °Brix.
- Taxon
- mango (Mangifera indica L.)Mangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- organic/UV/water-resistant brown papere1
- Outcome
- TSSe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 22.67 °Brixe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Mallika”
e1“Pre-harvest bagging significantly enhanced fruit attributes, with organic/UV/water-resistant brown paper yielding the highest fruit weight (630.08 g), pulp weight (530.89 g), and TSS (22.67 °Brix)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-harvest bagging improved ascorbic acid content, 41.53 mg/100 g.
- Taxon
- mango (Mangifera indica L.)Mangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Pre-harvest bagginge1
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid contente2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 41.53 mg/100 ge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Mallika”
e1“Pre-harvest bagging significantly enhanced fruit attributes, with organic/UV/water-resistant brown paper yielding the highest fruit weight (630.08 g), pulp weight (530.89 g), and TSS (22.67 °Brix)”
e2“It also improved ascorbic acid content (41.53 mg/100 g) and total sugars (14.64%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-harvest bagging improved total sugars, 14.64%.
- Taxon
- mango (Mangifera indica L.)Mangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- Pre-harvest bagginge1
- Outcome
- total sugarse2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Value
- 14.64%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Mallika”
e1“Pre-harvest bagging significantly enhanced fruit attributes, with organic/UV/water-resistant brown paper yielding the highest fruit weight (630.08 g), pulp weight (530.89 g), and TSS (22.67 °Brix)”
e2“It also improved ascorbic acid content (41.53 mg/100 g) and total sugars (14.64%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Brown paper bag (organic/UV/water resistant) bagging increased carotenoids, flavonoids and phenolic content.
- Taxon
- mango (Mangifera indica L.)Mangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- brown paper bag (Organic/ UV/ water resistant)e3
- Outcome
- carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic contente3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Mallika”
e3“Phytochemical composition analysis revealed a notable increase in carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic content with brown paper bag (Organic/ UV/ water resistant) and white paper bag (Organic/ UV/ water resistant), indicating improved nutritional quality”
Claim · model-written summary
White paper bag (organic/UV/water resistant) bagging increased carotenoids, flavonoids and phenolic content.
- Taxon
- mango (Mangifera indica L.)Mangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- white paper bag (Organic/ UV/ water resistant)e3
- Outcome
- carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic contente3
- Direction
- increasee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Mallika”
e3“Phytochemical composition analysis revealed a notable increase in carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic content with brown paper bag (Organic/ UV/ water resistant) and white paper bag (Organic/ UV/ water resistant), indicating improved nutritional quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruits bagged with brown paper had an extended shelf life, 11.67 days.
- Taxon
- mango (Mangifera indica L.)Mangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- brown papere4
- Outcome
- shelf lifee4
- Direction
- extendede4
- Value
- 11.67 dayse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Mallika”
e4“Fruits bagged with brown paper extended shelf life (11.67 days)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bagging with brown paper reduced the incidence of major post-harvest diseases (anthracnose and stem-end rot; sooty mould also named).
- Taxon
- mango (Mangifera indica L.)Mangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- brown papere4
- Interactor
- anthracnosee5pathogen
- Second interactor
- stem-end rote5pathogen
- Outcome
- incidence of major post-harvest diseasese5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Qualifier
- sooty moulde5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Mallika”
e4“Fruits bagged with brown paper extended shelf life (11.67 days)”
e5“reduced incidence of major post-harvest diseases such as anthracnose, stem-end rot, and sooty mould”
Claim · model-written summary
Bagging increased net return by 53.18% compared with unbagged fruits.
- Taxon
- mango (Mangifera indica L.)Mangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- bagginge6
- Outcome
- net returne6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 53.18%e6
- Comparator
- unbagged fruitse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Mallika”
e6“Economic analysis revealed a 53.18% higher net return and improved benefit-cost ratio with bagging compared to unbagged fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Bagging improved the benefit-cost ratio compared with unbagged fruits.
- Taxon
- mango (Mangifera indica L.)Mangifera indicat0
- Treatment
- bagginge6
- Outcome
- benefit-cost ratioe6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- unbagged fruitse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Mallika”
e6“Economic analysis revealed a 53.18% higher net return and improved benefit-cost ratio with bagging compared to unbagged fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield, fruit weight and quality traits showed positive relationships in correlation studies.
- Taxon
- mango (Mangifera indica L.)Mangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- fruite7
- Outcome
- yield, fruit weight, and quality traitse7
- Direction
- positivee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Mallika”
e7“Correlation studies highlighted positive relationships between yield, fruit weight, and quality traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease resistance was negatively correlated with fruit quality attributes.
- Taxon
- mango (Mangifera indica L.)Mangifera indicat0
- Organ / stage
- fruite6
- Outcome
- fruit quality attributese6
- Direction
- negatively correlatede6
- Qualifier
- disease resistancee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Mallika”
e6“disease resistance was negatively correlated with fruit quality attributes”
Claim · model-written summary
In PCA, PC1 explained most of the variation in mango fruit traits.
- Taxon
- mango (Mangifera indica L.)Mangifera indicat0
- Outcome
- variatione7
- Qualifier
- PC1 explaining most of the variatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Mallika”
e7“PCA revealed that bagging techniques enhance mango fruit quality and reduce post-harvest diseases, with PC1 explaining most of the variation”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.