Abstract
The heavy metal contamination of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in agricultural soil poses a serious threat to agricultural production safety and human health. In this study, diverse nitrogen-containing phosphates (NCPs) functionalized peanut shell biochars were synthesized and used to simultaneously reduce the availability of Cd/Pb in soil and boost wheat seedling growth. NCPs functionalization increased the thermal stability and yield of biochars. Kinetics analysis demonstrated that NCPs functionalized biochars exhibited the greater adsorption capacity, and ammonia polyphosphate (APP) functionalized peanut shell biochar (APPBC) and urea phosphate (UP) functionalized peanut shell biochar (UPBC) showed the optimized adsorption performance for Cd and Pb, respectively. The adsorption capacity of APPBC for Cd and UPBC for Pb were 2.30 and 7.09 times that of pristine peanut shell biochar (BC), respectively. Soil incubation experiments further confirmed the higher fixation ability of APPBC for Cd and UPBC for Pb than that of BC, and this was beneficial for reducing the heavy metal stress effects on wheat seedling growth and inhibiting Cd/Pb accumulation in wheat seedling. Characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated the greater aromaticity, abundant oxygenated groups (e.g., P-O, P = O, P-O-P, C-O), and higher orthophosphate (Or-P) metaphosphate (Me-P) contents of APPBC and UPBC contributed to their favourable performance as above mentioned through π-π conjugation, oxygen/P-containing complexes, electrostatic attraction and co-precipitation (e.g., Cd 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , Pb 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , Cd(PO 3 ) 2 and Pb(PO 3 ) 2 ). Additionally, APPBC and UPBC addition displayed the higher promotion effect on wheat seedling growth. This study provides insights into understand the fixation ability and mechanism of heavy metal by different NCPs functionalized biochars, together with their promotion influences on crop production.
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Claims 2
Claim · model-written summary
APPBC and UPBC reduced Cd/Pb accumulation in wheat seedlings relative to BC.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- APPBC for Cd and UPBC for Pbe0
- Outcome
- Cd/Pb accumulation in wheat seedlinge0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
- Comparator
- BCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat seedling growth”
e0“APPBC for Cd and UPBC for Pb than that of BC, and this was beneficial for reducing the heavy metal stress effects on wheat seedling growth and inhibiting Cd/Pb accumulation in wheat seedling.”
Claim · model-written summary
APPBC and UPBC promoted wheat seedling growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- APPBC and UPBC additione0
- Outcome
- wheat seedling growthe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“APPBC and UPBC addition displayed the higher promotion effect on wheat seedling growth.”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 35 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
37 papers more in this group
See all 41 papers →lead atom · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.