Abstract
Lantana camara L., a highly invasive species, has rapidly spread and established itself in many countries, including India, thriving in unattended forests, wastelands and now invading cultivated areas. Aside from forests and fallow places, it has infected most grazing pastures (13.2 million ha) and its control is expected to cost US$70 per hectare in India. Lantana exhibits vigorous growth, high adaptability and allelopathic properties, enabling it to outcompete native flora. It thrives in disturbed habitats and alters ecological succession by becoming the dominant understoryspecies, which leads to loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystem services. The weed proliferation threatens native vegetation. The pastures and rangelands which were earlier utilized for cattle grazing have now turned into bushy forests of Lantana that have no utility for cattle’s, leading to scarcity of fodder. Lantana has a natural tendency to grow more vigorously and invade at faster rates. Therefore, it has become quite a challenge to control this weed. Mechanical, chemical and biological control strategies have been employed, but none has proven fully effective when used in isolation. Mechanical control is labour intensive, chemical methods are costly and harmful, while biological control is hindered by cultivar variation and ecological complexity. Following an integrated approach becomes our last resort by engaging the local public inhabiting the area along with community participation, offering benefits like increased awareness, shared responsibility and sustainable outcomes. The literature indicates that Lantana has more benefits than drawbacks. Therefore, further cost-benefit analysis is needed to makedecisions on its management and elimination.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Lantana camara has rapidly spread and established itself in many countries, including India.
- Taxon
- Lantana camara L.
_mit_Insekt.jpg?width=60)
Lantana camarae1 - Outcome
- rapidly spreade1
- Setting
- many countries, including Indiae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_mit_Insekt.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Lantana camara L., a highly invasive species, has rapidly spread and established itself in many countries, including India”
Claim · model-written summary
Lantana outcompetes native flora, enabled by its allelopathic properties.
LantanaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Lantana exhibits vigorous growth, high adaptability and allelopathic properties, enabling it to outcompete native flora”
Claim · model-written summary
Lantana camara alters ecological succession and leads to loss of biodiversity in disturbed habitats.
- Taxon
- Lantana camara L.Lantana camarae1
- Outcome
- biodiversitye3
- Direction
- losse3
- Setting
- disturbed habitatse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lantana camara L., a highly invasive species, has rapidly spread and established itself in many countries, including India”
e3“It thrives in disturbed habitats and alters ecological succession by becoming the dominant understoryspecies, which leads to loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystem services”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological control of Lantana is hindered by cultivar variation and ecological complexity.
- Taxon
- Lantana camara L.Lantana camarae1
- Outcome
- biological controle4
- Qualifier
- cultivar variation and ecological complexitye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lantana camara L., a highly invasive species, has rapidly spread and established itself in many countries, including India”
e4“Mechanical control is labour intensive, chemical methods are costly and harmful, while biological control is hindered by cultivar variation and ecological complexity”
Claim · model-written summary
An integrated control approach with community participation is recommended for Lantana.
- Taxon
- Lantana camara L.Lantana camarae1
- Outcome
- integrated approache5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lantana camara L., a highly invasive species, has rapidly spread and established itself in many countries, including India”
e5“Following an integrated approach becomes our last resort by engaging the local public inhabiting the area along with community participation”
Claim · model-written summary
Further cost-benefit analysis is needed to decide on Lantana management and elimination.
- Taxon
- Lantana camara L.Lantana camarae1
- Outcome
- cost-benefit analysise7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lantana camara L., a highly invasive species, has rapidly spread and established itself in many countries, including India”
e7“further cost-benefit analysis is needed to makedecisions on its management and elimination”
Claim · model-written summary
The literature indicates that Lantana has more benefits than drawbacks.
- Taxon
- Lantana camara L.Lantana camarae1
- Outcome
- more benefits than drawbackse6
- Direction
- moree6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lantana camara L., a highly invasive species, has rapidly spread and established itself in many countries, including India”
e6“The literature indicates that Lantana has more benefits than drawbacks”