Abstract
Abstract Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most destructive disease in citriculture, mainly caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). However, the immune response of citrus to CLas at the cellular level remains to be elucidated. In this study, the first single-cell atlas of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) root apexes were generated using single-nucleus RNA sequencing at 20 weeks postinoculation with CLas. According to gene expression patterns, the single-cell atlas was partitioned into 20 transcriptionally distinct clusters, and five cell types were identified within these clusters. A significant number of defense-related genes were co-upregulated across the five cell types following CLas infection, whereas genes involved in signal transduction pathways, such as tubulin beta-6 chain (TUBB1) and the phospholipase D alpha 1 (PLD1), were concurrently downregulated. Based on pseudotime trajectory analysis, the key pathways and genes involved in the coordination of cell differentiation and resistance in citrus under CLas infection were characterized. Following CLas infection, the development of phloem cells was significantly delayed, and the differentiation of cambium cells into xylem cells was evident. The expression of genes associated with lignin synthesis was significantly upregulated in these cells. The reduction in phloem cell differentiation and the enhanced differentiation of cambium cells into defense-related xylem cells may represent the primary vascular immune mechanisms exhibited by citrus plants in response to CLas infection. Additionally, DNA-binding one zinc finger transcription factor DOF2.4 was found to potentially serve dual roles in regulating vascular cell development and inducing plant resistance against CLas. In conclusion, this study collectively provides insights into the cellular innate immunity responses of citrus to CLas infection. These findings hold significant implications for the sustainable development of citriculture amidst the ongoing global HLB epidemic, and offer novel insights into vascular immunity and plant defense responses.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The study generated the first rough lemon root-apex single-cell atlas at 20 weeks after CLas inoculation.
- Taxon
- rough lemon
.jpg?width=60)
Citrus jambhirie0 - Organ / stage
- root apexese0
- Treatment
- postinoculation with CLase0
- Interactor
- CLase0pathogen
- Outcome
- first single-cell atlase0
- Qualifier
- 20 weeks postinoculation with CLase0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In this study, the first single-cell atlas of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) root apexes were generated using single-nucleus RNA sequencing at 20 weeks postinoculation with CLas.”
Claim · model-written summary
The atlas contained 20 transcriptionally distinct clusters.
- Taxon
- rough lemonCitrus jambhirit0
- Outcome
- transcriptionally distinct clusterse0
- Value
- 20e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to gene expression patterns, the single-cell atlas was partitioned into 20 transcriptionally distinct clusters, and five cell types were identified within these clusters.”
t0“rough lemon”
Claim · model-written summary
Five cell types were identified in the atlas clusters.
- Taxon
- rough lemonCitrus jambhirit0
- Outcome
- cell typese0
- Value
- fivee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to gene expression patterns, the single-cell atlas was partitioned into 20 transcriptionally distinct clusters, and five cell types were identified within these clusters.”
t0“rough lemon”
Claim · model-written summary
Defense-related genes were co-upregulated across all five cell types after CLas infection.
- Taxon
- rough lemonCitrus jambhirit0
- Treatment
- CLas infectione0
- Interactor
- CLase0pathogen
- Gene
- defense-related genese0
- Outcome
- defense-related genese0
- Direction
- co-upregulatede0
- Qualifier
- across the five cell typese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant number of defense-related genes were co-upregulated across the five cell types following CLas infection”
t0“rough lemon”
Claim · model-written summary
Signal transduction genes including TUBB1 and PLD1 were downregulated following CLas infection.
- Taxon
- rough lemonCitrus jambhirit0
- Treatment
- CLas infectione1
- Interactor
- CLase1pathogen
- Gene
- tubulin beta-6 chain (TUBB1) and the phospholipase D alpha 1 (PLD1)e0
- Outcome
- genes involved in signal transduction pathwayse0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas genes involved in signal transduction pathways, such as tubulin beta-6 chain (TUBB1) and the phospholipase D alpha 1 (PLD1), were concurrently downregulated.”
e1“following CLas infection”
t0“rough lemon”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudotime analysis characterized pathways and genes coordinating differentiation and resistance under infection.
- Treatment
- CLas infectione0
- Interactor
- CLase0pathogen
- Outcome
- key pathways and genes involved in the coordination of cell differentiation and resistancee0
CitrusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on pseudotime trajectory analysis, the key pathways and genes involved in the coordination of cell differentiation and resistance in citrus under CLas infection were characterized.”
Claim · model-written summary
CLas infection significantly delayed phloem cell development.
- Taxon
- rough lemonCitrus jambhirit0
- Organ / stage
- phloem cellse0
- Treatment
- CLas infectione0
- Interactor
- CLase0pathogen
- Outcome
- development of phloem cellse0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following CLas infection, the development of phloem cells was significantly delayed, and the differentiation of cambium cells into xylem cells was evident.”
t0“rough lemon”
Claim · model-written summary
Cambium differentiation into xylem was evident following CLas infection.
- Taxon
- rough lemonCitrus jambhirit0
- Organ / stage
- cambium cellse0
- Treatment
- CLas infectione0
- Interactor
- CLase0pathogen
- Outcome
- differentiation of cambium cells into xylem cells was evidente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following CLas infection, the development of phloem cells was significantly delayed, and the differentiation of cambium cells into xylem cells was evident.”
t0“rough lemon”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes associated with lignin synthesis were significantly upregulated in the vascular cells.
- Taxon
- rough lemonCitrus jambhirit0
- Organ / stage
- cambium cellse1
- Treatment
- CLas infectione1
- Interactor
- CLase1pathogen
- Gene
- genes associated with lignin synthesise0
- Outcome
- expression of genes associated with lignin synthesise0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of genes associated with lignin synthesis was significantly upregulated in these cells.”
e1“Following CLas infection, the development of phloem cells was significantly delayed, and the differentiation of cambium cells into xylem cells was evident.”
t0“rough lemon”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced phloem differentiation and enhanced cambium differentiation into defensive xylem may constitute primary citrus vascular immune mechanisms.
- Treatment
- CLas infectione0
- Interactor
- CLase0pathogen
- Outcome
- primary vascular immune mechanismse0
- Qualifier
- reduction in phloem cell differentiation and the enhanced differentiation of cambium cells into defense-related xylem cellse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction in phloem cell differentiation and the enhanced differentiation of cambium cells into defense-related xylem cells may represent the primary vascular immune mechanisms exhibited by citrus plants in response to CLas infection.”
Claim · model-written summary
DOF2.4 may regulate vascular cell development and induce resistance against CLas.
- Taxon
- rough lemonCitrus jambhirit0
- Interactor
- CLase0pathogen
- Gene
- DNA-binding one zinc finger transcription factor DOF2.4e0
- Outcome
- regulating vascular cell development and inducing plant resistancee0
- Qualifier
- potentiallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additionally, DNA-binding one zinc finger transcription factor DOF2.4 was found to potentially serve dual roles in regulating vascular cell development and inducing plant resistance against CLas.”
t0“rough lemon”
The same questions in other papers
infection · growth · Citrus jambhiri (rough lemon)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.