Abstract
Highlights 1 1. AP-SNPs present a sustainable approach decreasing cadmium exposure in agricultural systems. 2. AP-SNPs enhanced selenium uptake, gene expression, and coordinated activation of metabolic pathways. 3. Enhance oxidative defense, nutritional metabolism, and photosynthetic efficiency to increase rice growth in cadmium-polluted areas. Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown. Herein, we found that AP-SNPs improved root and leaf cell ultrastructure, leaf stomatal and photosynthetic traits and reduced the Cd translocation from roots to shoots via Se absorption, translocation as well as upregulating the transcription factors of Se encoding genes OsPT2, OsNIP 2;1 , and OsSULTR1;2 at 7 and 14 days after treatment (DAT). The findings showed that AP-SNPs promoted the concentrations of metabolites and enzymes of carbon-nitrogen metabolism by upregulating the transcript levels of OsRbcS2, OsCS1, OsAGPL1, OsAMT1, OsNRT2 . 1, OsNR2, OsGS1, and OsGOGAT1 genes. Additionally, AP-SNPs addition increased the levels of SOD by 11-13%, POD by 10-8%, and CAT by 8-12%, respectively, at 7 and 14 DAT to counteract the damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under Cd stress. The results revealed that AP-SNPs promoted the carbon and nitrogen metabolism, physiological status, and antioxidant defense system of rice and decreased the Cd content in rice root by 12-23%, rice shoot 30-39%, total Cd content 28-46%, and Cd translocation factor 14-27%, respectively at 7 and 14 DAT. The significant correlation matrixes of the partial least square model (PLSM) and Mantel test further quantify the above findings and imply that AP-SNPs can be a green and sustainable biological compound that regulates carbon-nitrogen metabolism and the antioxidant defense system of rice to minimize Cd transfer from roots to shoots and the food web.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs improved root and leaf cell ultrastructure of rice under cadmium stress
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- AP-SNPse2
- Outcome
- root and leaf cell ultrastructuree2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e2“AP-SNPs improved root and leaf cell ultrastructure, leaf stomatal and photosynthetic traits”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs improved leaf stomatal and photosynthetic traits of rice under cadmium stress
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse2
- Outcome
- leaf stomatal and photosynthetic traitse2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e2“AP-SNPs improved root and leaf cell ultrastructure, leaf stomatal and photosynthetic traits”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs reduced Cd translocation from roots to shoots of rice via Se absorption and translocation
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse1
- Compound
- See3
- Outcome
- Cd translocation from roots to shootse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- via Se absorption, translocatione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e3“reduced the Cd translocation from roots to shoots via Se absorption, translocation”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs upregulated transcription factors of Se-encoding genes OsPT2, OsNIP2;1 and OsSULTR1;2 in rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse1
- Gene
- OsPT2, OsNIP 2;1, and OsSULTR1;2e4
- Outcome
- transcription factors of Se encoding genese4
- Direction
- upregulatinge4
- Qualifier
- at 7 and 14 days after treatmente4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e4“upregulating the transcription factors of Se encoding genes OsPT2, OsNIP 2;1 , and OsSULTR1;2 at 7 and 14 days after treatment (DAT)”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs promoted concentrations of metabolites and enzymes of carbon-nitrogen metabolism in rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse1
- Outcome
- concentrations of metabolites and enzymes of carbon-nitrogen metabolisme5
- Direction
- promotede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e5“promoted the concentrations of metabolites and enzymes of carbon-nitrogen metabolism by upregulating the transcript levels of OsRbcS2, OsCS1, OsAGPL1, OsAMT1, OsNRT2 . 1, OsNR2, OsGS1, and OsGOGAT1 genes”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs upregulated transcript levels of OsRbcS2, OsCS1 and OsAGPL1 in rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse1
- Gene
- OsRbcS2, OsCS1, OsAGPL1e5
- Outcome
- transcript levelse5
- Direction
- upregulatinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e5“promoted the concentrations of metabolites and enzymes of carbon-nitrogen metabolism by upregulating the transcript levels of OsRbcS2, OsCS1, OsAGPL1, OsAMT1, OsNRT2 . 1, OsNR2, OsGS1, and OsGOGAT1 genes”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs upregulated transcript levels of OsAMT1, OsNRT2.1 and OsNR2 in rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse1
- Gene
- OsAMT1, OsNRT2 . 1, OsNR2e5
- Outcome
- transcript levelse5
- Direction
- upregulatinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e5“promoted the concentrations of metabolites and enzymes of carbon-nitrogen metabolism by upregulating the transcript levels of OsRbcS2, OsCS1, OsAGPL1, OsAMT1, OsNRT2 . 1, OsNR2, OsGS1, and OsGOGAT1 genes”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs upregulated transcript levels of OsGS1 and OsGOGAT1 in rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse1
- Gene
- OsGS1, and OsGOGAT1e5
- Outcome
- transcript levelse5
- Direction
- upregulatinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e5“promoted the concentrations of metabolites and enzymes of carbon-nitrogen metabolism by upregulating the transcript levels of OsRbcS2, OsCS1, OsAGPL1, OsAMT1, OsNRT2 . 1, OsNR2, OsGS1, and OsGOGAT1 genes”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs increased SOD levels in rice by 11-13% under cadmium stress
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse7
- Outcome
- levels of SODe7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 11-13%e7
- Qualifier
- at 7 and 14 DATe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e7“AP-SNPs addition increased the levels of SOD by 11-13%, POD by 10-8%, and CAT by 8-12%, respectively, at 7 and 14 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs increased POD levels in rice by 10-8% under cadmium stress
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse7
- Outcome
- PODe7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 10-8%e7
- Qualifier
- at 7 and 14 DATe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e7“AP-SNPs addition increased the levels of SOD by 11-13%, POD by 10-8%, and CAT by 8-12%, respectively, at 7 and 14 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs increased CAT levels in rice by 8-12% under cadmium stress
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse7
- Outcome
- CATe7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 8-12%e7
- Qualifier
- at 7 and 14 DATe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e7“AP-SNPs addition increased the levels of SOD by 11-13%, POD by 10-8%, and CAT by 8-12%, respectively, at 7 and 14 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs decreased Cd content in rice roots by 12-23%
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse1
- Outcome
- Cd content in rice roote7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Value
- 12-23%e7
- Qualifier
- at 7 and 14 DATe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e7“decreased the Cd content in rice root by 12-23%, rice shoot 30-39%, total Cd content 28-46%, and Cd translocation factor 14-27%, respectively at 7 and 14 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs decreased Cd content in rice shoots by 30-39%
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse1
- Outcome
- rice shoote7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Value
- 30-39%e7
- Qualifier
- Cd contente7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e7“decreased the Cd content in rice root by 12-23%, rice shoot 30-39%, total Cd content 28-46%, and Cd translocation factor 14-27%, respectively at 7 and 14 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs decreased total Cd content in rice by 28-46%
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse1
- Outcome
- total Cd contente7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Value
- 28-46%e7
- Qualifier
- at 7 and 14 DATe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e7“decreased the Cd content in rice root by 12-23%, rice shoot 30-39%, total Cd content 28-46%, and Cd translocation factor 14-27%, respectively at 7 and 14 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs decreased the Cd translocation factor in rice by 14-27%
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse1
- Outcome
- Cd translocation factore7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Value
- 14-27%e7
- Qualifier
- at 7 and 14 DATe7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e7“decreased the Cd content in rice root by 12-23%, rice shoot 30-39%, total Cd content 28-46%, and Cd translocation factor 14-27%, respectively at 7 and 14 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
AP-SNPs enhanced selenium uptake in rice
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- AP-SNPse6
- Outcome
- selenium uptakee6
- Direction
- enhancede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Selenium (Se) is known for alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.), but algal polysaccharides-selenium nanoparticles (AP-SNPs) mitigating Cd stress by regulating carbon-nitrogen metabolism is unknown”
e6“AP-SNPs enhanced selenium uptake”
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